Title NCM 112 REVIEWER ✅

CARE OF CLIENTS W/ PROBLEMS IN OXYGENATION, FLUID & ELECTROLYTES, INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY & IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSE, CELLULAR (ABBERATIONS, ACUTE & CHRONIC) RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ● ANATOMY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM’ UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT ○ NOSE ○ PHARYNX (THROAT) ■ Laryngopharynx ■ Nasopharynx ■ Oropharynx ● Larynx (voicebox) LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT ● Trachea (Windpipe) ● Lungs a. Right lung - 3 lobes b. Left lung - 2 lobes ● Bronchi & Bronchioles ● Alveoli (Air sacs) - Simplest unit of the respiratory system - Gas exchange occurs ACCESSORY STRUCTURES a. Pleura -Covering of the lungs LAYERS: - Parietal Pleura- outer - Visceral Pleura- inner - Pleural space- space between parietal and visceral; has fluid b. Thoracic Cavity c. Mediastenum - Space between the lungs CONDITIONS: a. Pneumothorax- air in the pleural space b. Hemothorax- blood in the pleural space c. Hydrothorax- water/fluid in the pleural space GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ● Gas exchange through ventilation, external respiration and cellular respiration ● Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION INTERNAL RESPIRATION ● Involves the exchange of gases in capillary beds ● Gaseous exchange between the alveolar air and the blood takes place at the pulmonary capillaries EXTERNAL RESPIRATION ● Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli PULMONARY VENTILATION When you’re not inhaling there will be a rise in CO2 which stimulate the brain to I Contraction of diaphragm and chest elevating muscles I Enlarges Thorax I Decreased Intrathoracic Pressure I Expansion of Lungs I Decreased Intrapulmonic Pressure to Subatmospheric Level I Establishment of Gas Pressure Gradient I Air moves into the Lungs TYPES OF BREATHING ● Eupnea ○ Normal quiet breathing ● Hyperpnea ○ Abnormally increases breathing ● Apnea ○ Cessation of breathing at the end of normal expiration ● Apneusis ○ Cessation of breathing in inspiratory position ● Cheyne-Stokes Respirations ○ Gradually increasing tidal volume for several breaths, followed by