Tiêu đề Practical French Grammar V3.pdf ✅

Practical French Grammar
P r olo g u e 1 H o w t o U s e T his B o o k ? 2 U nit 1: A r ticle s, G e n d e r, & Plu r alit y 3 A r ticle s in F r e n c h 3 G e n d e r o f N o u n s 5 T h e Plu r al o f N o u n s 1 2 U nit 2: B a sic A d j e c tiv e s in F r e n c h 1 6 G e n d e r o f A d j e c tiv e s 1 6 Plu r al o f A d j e c tiv e s 2 0 Pla c e m e n t o f A d j e c tiv e s 2 1 D e m o n s t r a tiv e A d j e c tiv e s 2 3 P o s s e s siv e A d j e c tiv e s 2 4 U nit 3: Ê t r e & Av oir: Yo u r b e s t f rie n d s 2 7 S u bj e c t P r o n o u n s 2 7 T H E m o s t Im p o r t a n t F r e n c h Ve r b - Ê t r e 2 8 Av oir - T h e Ve r b T h a t H old s It All 3 0 U nit 4: Alle r & Ve nir: F rie n d s wit h B e n e fit s 3 2 T h e Ve r b Alle r 3 2 T h e Ve r b Ve nir 3 4 U nit 5: R e g ula r E R E n din g Ve r b s in P r e s e n t Te n s e 3 6 W h y F o c u s o n - E R Ve r b s ? 3 6 E R e n din g Ve r b s wit h S p ellin g a n d S t e m C h a n g e s 3 8 U s a g e o f t h e P r e s e n t Te n s e in F r e n c h 4 0 U nit 6: IR a n d R E E n din g Ve r b s in P r e s e n t Te n s e 4 2 R e g ula r -IR Ve r b s in p r e s e n t t e n s e : Ty p e 1 4 2 Irregular -IR Verbs in present tense : Type 2 44 Regular -RE verbs in present tense 47 U nit 7: Ir r e g ula r Ve r b s in P r e s e n t Te n s e 5 0 F air e: t o d o, t o m a k e 5 0 D e v oir: t o h a v e t o, t o m u s t 5 1 P o u v oir: t o b e a ble t o 5 2 Vo uloir: t o w a n t 5 2 Ve r b s E n din g in - oir a n d - oir e 5 5 U nit 8: P r o n o min al Ve r b s 5 7 T h e R e fle xiv e P r o n o u n s 5 7 R e fle xiv e Ve r b s 5 7 R e cip r o c al Ve r b s 5 9 P a s siv e P r o n o min al Ve r b s 6 1 S u bj e c tiv e P r o n o min al Ve r b s 6 1
U nit 9: N e a r F u t u r e a n d R e c e n t P a s t 6 4 C o n s t r u c tio n o f L e F u t u r P r o c h e 6 4 P r o n o min al Ve r b s wit h L e F u t u r P r o c h e 6 5 S t r u c t u r e o f L e p a s s é r é c e n t 6 6 P r o n o min al Ve r b s in L e P a s s é R é c e n t 6 8 U nit 1 0: N u m b e r s, Q u a n titie s a n d Tim e 6 9 C a r din al N u m b e r s 6 9 O r din al N u m b e r s 7 2 F r a c tio n s in F r e n c h 7 3 D e cim als 7 5 M e a s u r e m e n t s a n d Q u a n titie s 7 5 P a r titiv e A r ticle s 7 7 C a t e g o rie s o f U n q u a n tifia ble N o u n s 7 7 W h e n N o t t o U s e P a r titiv e A r ticle s 7 8 U nit 1 1: D e g r e e s o f C o m p a ris o n 7 9 C o m p a r a tiv e s 7 9 S u p e rla tiv e s 8 0 U nit 1 2: B a sic P r e p o sitio n s 8 2 1. P r e p o sitio n s o f Pla c e 8 2 2. P r e p o sitio n s o f Tim e 8 3 3. P r e p o sitio n s o f M a n n e r a n d M e a n s 8 3 4. P r e p o sitio n s o f C a u s e a n d P u r p o s e 8 4 5. C o m p o u n d P r e p o sitio n s 8 4 C o m m o n Mis t a k e s t o Av oid 8 5 U nit 1 3: P r e p o sitio n s À & D e 8 8 À 8 8 U s a g e s o f " à " 9 1 D e 9 3 U s a g e s o f " d e " 9 5 U nit 1 4: P r o n o m s To niq u e s 9 8 U s a g e o f P r o n o m s To niq u e s 9 8 U nit 1 5: S a y N o! in F r e n c h 1 0 0 S t r u c t u r e o f B a sic N e g a tio n 1 0 0 N e g a tio n E x p r e s sio n s 1 0 0 U nit 1 6: Im p e r a tiv e M o o d 1 0 4 S t r u c t u r e a n d F o r m a tio n o f Im p e r a tiv e S e n t e n c e s 1 0 4 Ty p e s o f Im p e r a tiv e S e n t e n c e s 1 0 6 N e g a tiv e Im p e r a tiv e: U sin g " N e p a s + In finitiv e " 1 0 6 U nit 1 7: Dir e c t a n d In dir e c t O bj e c t P r o n o u n s 1 0 8 Dir e c t O bj e c t P r o n o u n s: D e finitio n a n d U s a g e 1 0 8
Using Direct Objects with Pronominal Verbs in the Present Tense 109 Structure with Direct Objects 109 Indirect Object Pronouns: Definition and Usage 112 Placement in Sentences 113 Double Object Pronouns 113 Unit 18: Adverbial Pronouns (Y & En) 115 Introduction to Adverbial Pronouns 115 The Pronoun "y": Definition and Usage 115 The Pronoun "en": Definition and Usage 116 Unit 19: Asking Questions in French 117 Interrogative Adverbs and Adjectives 117 Inversion and Est-ce que 117 Question Tags and Intonation 118 Interrogative Pronoun Lequel and Its Variants 119 Unit 20: Past Tenses 121 What are Past Participles? 121 Formation of Past Participles 121 Passé Composé: Formation and Usage 123 Formation with Être 125 Agreement of Past Participle with Être 125 Imperfect: Formation and Usage 127 Differences Between Passé Composé & Imperfect 129 Pluperfect Tense: Formation and Usage 130 Choosing the Correct Auxiliary Verb 130 When to Use Plus-que-parfait 131 Comparing Plus-que-parfait with Other Past Tenses 131 Unit 21: Future Tenses 133 Future Simple: Formation and Usage 133 Future Perfect : Formation and Usage 134 Unit 22: Conditional Tenses 136 Present Conditional: Formation and Usage 136 Conditional Past: Formation and Usage 137 Sequence of Tenses When the Main Verb is in the Past Tense 139 Unit 23: Possessive & Demonstrative Pronouns 142 Possessive pronouns 142 Demonstrative Pronouns 144 Unit 24: Relative Pronouns 146 What Are Relative Pronouns? 146 Qui 146 Que 147