Tiêu đề 20. ANATOMY OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS.pdf ✅

PHARMD GURU Page 1 INTRODUCTION:  The cells of the body need energy for all their metabolic activities.  Most of this energy is derived from chemical reactions, which can only take place in the presence of oxygen (O2).  The main waste product of these reactions is carbon dioxide (CO2). The respiratory system provides the route by which the supply of oxygen present in the atmospheric air enters the body, and it provides the route of excretion for carbon dioxide.  The condition of the atmospheric air entering the body varies considerably according to the external environment, e.g. it may be dry or moist, warm or cold, and carry varying quantities of pollutants, dust or dirt.  As the air breathed in moves through the air passages to reach the lungs, it is warmed or cooled to body temperature, saturated with water vapour and „cleaned‟ as particles of dust stick to the mucus which coats the lining membrane. Blood provides the transport system for O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the cells of the body.  Exchange of gases between the blood and the lungs is called external respiration and that between the blood and the cells internal respiration. The organs of the respiratory system are: 1. Nose 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx 4. Trachea 5. Lungs 6. Pleura 7. The Respiratory Membrane Figure 10.1 shows the organs of the respiratory system and associated structures. ANATOMY OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS