Tiêu đề Excellence Anatomy (HN + Neuro).pdf ✅

Excellence for MRCS OSCE By Dr. Rifat & Dr. Hasnat 1 HEAD, NECK & NEUROANATOMY TABLE OF CONTENTS S/L TOPICS PAGE NO HEAD & NECK 01 Scalp 02 02 Skull 04 03 Base of the Skull 08 04 Foramina of Skull Base 09 05 Cranial Fossa 12 06 Meninges 15 07 Dural Venous Sinuses 17 08 Cavernous Sinus 19 09 Triangles of Neck 21 10 Ansa Cervicalis 32 11 External Carotid Artery 33 12 Temporomandibular Joint 36 13 Facial Nerve 38 14 Parotid Gland 39 15 Submandibular Gland 43 16 Tongue 45 17 Ear 47 18 Thyroid 49 19 Parathyroid Gland 51 20 Larynx 52 NEUROANATOMY 01 Brain 56 02 Brain Stem & Cranial Nerves 61 03 Cerebrospinal Fluid 63 04 Vascular Supply of Brain 65 05 Circle of Willis 66 06 Visual Field Defects 73 07 Carotid Angiogram 75 08 Recall Pictures 76
Excellence for MRCS OSCE By Dr. Rifat & Dr. Hasnat 2 SCALP What are the layers of scalp? The scalp consists of five layers and can be memorized by the initial letters of the word SCALP. ê S = Skin ê C = Close network of subcutaneous tissue ê A = Aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) and occipito-frontalis muscle ê L = Loose subaponeurotic tissue ê P = Pericraniurn or outer periosteum of the skull. The first three layers of scalp are intimately connected and move as one unit. Fig: Layers of the scalp Which layer is called the dangerous layer of scalp? The layer of loose subaponeurotic tissue (4" layer) is known as the dangerous area of the scalp due to having emissary veins by which any infection in the subaponeurotic space with accumulation of pus may spread readily into the intracranial sinuses. Collection of blood in this space produces generalized swelling affecting the whole dome of skull, and "black eye". What is emissary vein? Emissary vein: The veins which establish communication between the extracranial veins and the intracranial venous sinuses passing through some cranial foramina are called Emissary veins. Peculiarities: ê No muscular tissue in the wall but formed by endothelium. ê Devoid of valves. ê Blood can flow in both directions. Extracranial infections may spread through these veins to intracranial venous sinuses, and may lead to thrombosis of the sinuses, thereby endangering life. When you remove the bone, what are the layers you will encounter before reaching the brain? ê Dura mater ê Arachnoid mater ê Pia mater
Excellence for MRCS OSCE By Dr. Rifat & Dr. Hasnat 3 What is diploic vein? The diploic veins are large, thin-walled valveless vessels that channel between inner and outer table of the skull bones. They communicate with the venous sinuses of the duramater, meningeal veins and veins of the pericranium. Fig- Innervation of the scalp