Tiêu đề COMPRE - HANDOUTS - ONCO (Ms. Rojas) ✅

TOP RANK REVIEW ACADEMY, INC. Page 1 | COMPREHENSIVE PHASE HANDOUTS ONCOLOGIC NURSING Prepared By: Ms. Jaidee Rojas, RN NOVEMBER 2025 Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination Review Cell cycle Cancer Cells grow uncontrollably which has a tendency to spread to other parts of the body Oncology Branch of science that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis and prevention of cancer. Carcinogenesis Cell Adaptation Cancer Prevention PRIMARY PREVENTION ✔ Achieve and maintain healthy weight gain ✔ Adopt a physically active lifestyle ✔ Consume a healthy diet ✔ Limit consumption of alcoholic beverages SECONDARY PREVENTION ✔ Screening and early detection TERTIARY PREVENTION ✔ Preventing recurrence ✔ Assessment for development of second malignancies WARNING SIGNS OF CANCER C: Change in bowel or bladder habits. A: A sore that does not heal. U: Unusual bleeding or discharge. T: Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere. * NLE * NCLEX * HAAD * PROMETRICS * DHA * MIDWIFERY * LET * RAD TECH * CRIMINOLOGY * DENTISTRY * PHARMACY * MED TECH

TOP RANK REVIEW ACADEMY, INC. Page 3 | Chemotherapeutic agents CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC (S PHASE) • TOPOISOMERASE I INHIBITOR: Irinotecan, Topotecan • TOPOISOMERASE II INHIBITOR: Etoposide, Teniposide • ANTIMETABOLITES: Cytarabine, 5-fluorouracil, Hydroxyurea, Methotrexate • CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC (M PHASE) MITOTIC SPINDLE INHIBITORS • PLANT ALKALOIDS: Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vinorelbine • TAXANE: Paclitaxel, Docetaxel CELL CYCLE NON-SPECIFIC • ALKYLATING AGENT • Busulfan, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Nitrogen mustard, Thiotepa • NITROSUREAS • Carmustine, Lomustine  • ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS • Bleomycin, Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin • HORMONAL AGENTS • Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant, Goserelin Side effects: • Nausea and vomiting • Stomatitis • Anemia, leukemia, thrombocytopenia • Kidney injury • Cardiac toxicity • Infertility • Peripheral neuropathy • Cognitive impairment • Fatigue NURSING CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH CANCER RISK FOR INFECTION • Place patient in a private room • Inform patient to avoid contact with people who have known or recent infection • Instruct staff in careful hand hygiene before and after entering room • Avoid rectal or vaginal procedures, IM injections, insertion of urinary catheters • Encourage patient to ambulate in room unless contraindicated. • Assess IV sites for evidence of infection RISK FOR IMPAIRED SKIN INTEGRITY • Avoid the use of soaps, cosmetics, perfumes, lotions, powder in erythematous areas • Avoid rubbing or scratching skin • Avoid applying hot water bottles, heating pads • Avoid exposing the area to sunlight or cold weather • Avoid tight clothing; Use cotton clothing IMPAIRED ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE INTEGRITY • Assess oral cavity daily using the same assessment criteria or rating scale. • Instruct patient to report oral burning, pain, areas of redness, open lesions on oropharyngeal mucosa and lips, pain associated with swallowing, or decreased tolerance to temperature extremes of food. • Encourage and assist as needed in oral hygiene. • Advise patient to avoid irritants such as commercial mouthwashes, alcoholic beverages, and tobacco. • Avoid irritating foods (acidic, hot, rough, and spicy); • Use water-based moisturizers to protect lips. IMPAIRED TISSUE INTEGRITY: ALOPECIA • Discuss potential hair loss and regrowth with patient and family; advise that hair loss may occur on body parts other than the head. • Explore potential impact of hair loss on self- image, interpersonal relationships, and sexuality. • Explain that hair growth usually begins again once therapy is completed. Prevent or minimize hair loss through the following: • Use mild shampoo and conditioner, gently pat dry, and avoid excessive shampooing • Avoid excessive combing or brushing; use wide-toothed comb. Suggest ways to assist in coping with hair loss. • Purchase wig or hairpiece before hair loss. • Begin to wear wig before hair loss.