Tiêu đề TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS - WazaElimu.com.pdf ✅

1 TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS PHYSICS: This is the branch science which deals with the study of matter, energy and the mutual interaction between them. OR This is the branch of science which deals with the study of matter in relation to energy OR This is the study of matter in relation to energy. MATTER: Is any this that has mass and occupies space. ENERGY: Is the ability of doing work. SCIENCE: Is the systematic study of nature.  A person who studies physics is called a Physicist. BRANCHES OF PHYSICS 1. Mechanics 2. Optics 3. Atomic Physics 4. Electromagnetism 5. Geophysics 6. Astronomy 7. Electronics 1. MECHANICS  This is the motion of bodies in the frame of reference. 2. OPTICS  This is the study of physical properties of light. 3. ATOMIC PHYSICS  This is the study atoms specifically the electrons and their properties. 4. ELECTROMAGNETISM  This is the study of electrical and magnetic fields as two aspects of the same phenomenon. 5. GEOPHYSICS  This is the study of physical properties of the earth. 6. ASTRONOMY  This is the study of celestial bodies such as stars, galaxies, planets. 7. ELECTRONICS  This is the study of the flow of electrons in the circuit.

3 APPLICATIONS OF PHYSICS IN REAL LIFE Physics is applied in many areas of our lives. Some of the areas where physics is applied are as follows. 1. At home.  All tools and machinery that we use at home to make work easier are made in accordance with the law of physics. Examples hammers, door handles, car jack, pulley and others. 2. In medical field.  We use various machines in hospitals for diagnosis and treatment. Examples x-ray machine, ultrasound, thermometers, incubators, syringes and needles. 3. In transport.  We use cars, airplanes, trains and ships for travelling from one place to another place. 4. In communication.  We use radio, television, telephone, satellite dish, mast for communicating among us every day. 5. Entertainment.  We use exercise machine, camera, music played in Compact Disk (CD), Digital Video Disk (DVD), Visual Compact Disk (VCD), and computer games for entertainment. 6. In industry.  Example production of simple machines (such as hoe, pulleys), manufacturing of binocular, telescopes, computers, etc. 7. In school.  We use apparatus such as voltmeter, tongs, ammeter, rheostat, retort stand, tripod stand, wire gauze, etc. 8. Source of energy.  Some process and machines help us to obtain energy for our daily use. Example generator and car battery. 9. Agriculture.  We use farm equipments such as tractors, harvester, sprinklers, etc. TRANSPORT VESSELS THAT RELY ON THE LAW OF PHYSICS  These include the following;-  Cars  Trains  Ships  Vehicles  Bicycles  Airplanes  Boats
4 THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS  The discipline of Physics is built upon a foundation of theories and principles that have been developed and refined over centuries of cscientific exploration.  These theories and principles serves as the building blocks for understanding the laws and phenomena that govern the natural world. This means scientific exploration is very important aspect of the development of physics.  Therefore, in this section, we shall discuss the aspect of scientific investigation . further, we will discuss the exsting basic theories and principles of physics. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION  This is a careful examination into the facts of learning situation. OR  This refers to the step-by-step procedures and methods employed in carrying out a scientific research. There are basic skills required while studying physics and these skills are:-  Careful observation  Accurate measurements  Recording  Data representation skills SCIENTIFIC METHOD  This is a set of techniques used by scientists to investigate a problem. STEPS OF A SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION The following are the steps to be followed when carrying out a scientific investigation. 1. Problem identification 2. Asking questions 3. Formulating a testable hypothesis 4. Performing an experiment 5. Data collection and analysis 6. Data interpretation 7. Data presentation 8. Conclusion 1. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION  This is the first step of scientific method. It is when one makes a puzzling observation.  You make an observation about something and asking questions about what you have noticed. For example, the mass of the bob of a pendulum affects the time it takes to make one complete oscillation. 2. ASKING QUESTIONS