Tiêu đề Biology_IX_1_Review Questions.pdf ✅

ClassNotes Review Questions Exercise UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS Q#1. Arrange these structures in order of lower level of organization to upper level and write the level against each structure. Neuron, nervous system, electron, man, mass of neurons, carbon, mitochondria, brain, protein. Ans: Arrangement of structures in order of lower level of organization to upper level: Structures Level of Organization 1. Electron Sub-atomic level 1. Carbon Atomic level 2. Protein Molecular level 3. Mitochondria Organelle level 4. Neuron Cell level 5. Mass of neurons Tissue level 6. Brain Organ level 7. Nervous System Organ system level 8. Man Individual level Q# 2. How would you define biology and relate it with its major Divisions? Ans: Definition of Biology: Biology is the scientific study of life. Through this study, the scientists (biologists) do their best to understand, explain, integrate and www.classnotes.xyz Biology ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 1
ClassNotes describe the world of living things. The word "biology has been derived from two Greek words 'bios' meaning 'life' and 'logos' meaning ‘thought or reasoning’. Relation of biology with its major divisions/Branches: There are three major divisions of biology which study the different aspects of the lives of these groups. Zoology: This division of biology deals with the study of animals. Botany: This division of biology deals with the study of plants. Microbiology: This division of biology deals with the study of microorganisms such as bacteria etc. Q#3. Draw a table showing the branches of biology and the studies these deal with? Ans: Branch of biology Studies deal with i. Morphology This branch deals with the study of the structures of living organisms. The study of internal structure is called anatomy. ii. Histology The microscopic study of tissues is called histology. iii. Cell biology The study of the structures and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology. This branch also deals with the study of cell division. www.classnotes.xyz Biology ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 2
ClassNotes iv. Physiology This branch deals with the study of the functions of different parts of living organisms. v. Molecular biology (biochemistry) This branch deals with the study of the molecules of life; e.g. water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. The study of the biochemical reactions occurring in organisms is also included in this branch. Genetics: It is the study of inheritance. Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other. Genetics provides important tools in the investigation of the structure and functions of genes. vi. Embryology It is the study of the development of a new individual from a fertilized egg. Embryologists study the cell growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis (the process that gives rise to tissues and organs). vii. Taxonomy It is the study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and subgroups. viii. Paleontology It is the study of fossils, which are the remains of extinct organisms. Paleontologists study the age and www.classnotes.xyz Biology ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 3
ClassNotes structure of fossils and on this basis study the process of evolution. ix. Environmental biology It deals with the study of the interactions that exist between the organisms and their environment. All living and non-living factors that surround an organism, constitute its environment. x. Parasitology This branch deals with the study of time, parasites. You know that parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and, in return, harm their (hosts') lives. The structure, habitats, mode of transmission, life histories and host- parasite relationships are studied in parasitology. xi. Socio-biology This branch deals with the study of social behaviour and communal life of living organisms. xii, Biotechnology Biotechnology means the practical application of the knowledge about living organisms to carry out processes, which make substances for the welfare of mankind e.g. www.classnotes.xyz Biology ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 4