Tiêu đề X Physics Module 1.pdf ✅

TERM – 1 INDEX Sr. No. Chapter Name Page No. 1. Measurement, Units, Dimensions and Vectors 1 - 43  Physical quantities  System of units  Dimensional analysis  Basics of vectors  Vector addition & subtraction  Resolution of vectors  Unit vectors  Vector multiplication  Screw gauge and error correction 2. Light 44 - 71  Reflection of light and laws of reflection  Spherical mirrors  Mirror formula  Refraction and laws of refraction  Spherical lenses  Lens formula  Total internal reflection and critical angle 3. Electricity 72 - 112 Part A: Electrostatics  Coulomb’s law  Electric field  Electrostatic potential energy  Electrostatic potential Part B: Current Electricity  Potential difference  Ohm’s law  Electrical instruments  Combination of resistances  Heating effects of current and Joule’s law  Rating of electrical appliances  Kirchoff’s law
4. Force 113 - 144  Force  Moment of force  Equilibrium and its types  Principle of moments  Uniform circular motion  Centripetal and centrifugal force  Machines: Load and effort  Mechanical advantage and velocity ratio  lever and its types  Pulley system 5. Work, Power & Energy 145 - 176  Work done  Area under the force-displacement graph  Power  Energy and types of energy  Conservation of energy  Work energy theorem  Answer Keys 177 - 182
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MEASUREMENT, UNITS, DIMENSIONS & VECTORS X –Physics Website: www.iitianspace.com | assessment.stepapp.in 2 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES Physics is all about understanding our physical environment. The laws of physics explain the various phenomena of nature. These laws are based upon observation & experiment. Careful observations & constant experimentation form the basis of every principle in physics. Experiments require measurements. Hence physics can be called as the science of measurements. The quantities which can be measured by an instrument & by means of which we can describe the laws of physics are called physical quantities. In other words, physical quantities are any quantity that can be defined and measured E.g.: Length, mass, velocity, force, density, time etc. There are large numbers of physical quantities and every physical quantity needs a unit to be measured. However, not all quantities are independent E.g.: If a unit of length is defined, the unit of volume is automatically obtained. Thus we can define a set of fundamental quantities and all other quantities can be expressed in term of the fundamental quantities UNITS Measurement of any physical quantity is expressed in terms of an internationally accepted certain basic standard called as unit. Unit is the quantity of a constant magnitude which is used to measure the magnitude of other quantities of the same nature. E.g.: Unit of length is metre, and of time is second, etc. A physical quantity must be expressed in the form of magnitude and unit. Thus, the magnitude of a physical quantity is expressed as below Physical Quantity = (numerical value) Unit Eg: If the length of a piece of cloth is 10 metre, it means that the length is measured in the unit metre and this unit is contained 10 times in the length of that piece of cloth Types of Physical Quantities & Their Units There are two types of physical quantities (a) Fundamental Quantities Fundamental quantities are those which cannot be expressed in terms of other quantities. It is independent of any other quantity it can neither be changed nor related to any other fundamental quantity. E.g.: Mass, length, Time, Temperature, Current, Amount of substance, Angle, Luminous Intensity.