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Encyclopedia For Handwriting Analysts Volume Twelve By Dr. Erika M. Karohs
Published by ERIKA M. KAROHS, Ph. D., Ed. D. Copyright © 1986-2014 Erika M. Karohs, Pebble Beach, CA All Rights Reserved. Dr. Karohs provides this material “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to the implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. Dr. Karohs may make improvements or changes at any time and without notice. These changes will be incorporated in new editions of this publication.
TABLE OF CONTENTS LETTER FORMS ............................................................................................................ 1 Saudek’s twelve factors affecting letter formations............................................................................. 1 Deviation of letter forms from school model .......................................................................................... 2 The meaning of various letter forms ......................................................................................................... 2 Letter forms awkward ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Letter forms ambiguous ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Letters b, u, v, y and ovals angled at the baseline ............................................................................................ 3 “Delta d” letter formations ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Greek Ɛ letter formation............................................................................................................................................. 4 Letter malformations .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Middle zone letters extending into the upper zone ........................................................................................ 5 Middle zone part of upper zone letters disproportionately high .............................................................. 6 Middle zone part of upper zone letters disproportionally small .............................................................. 7 Letter forms original .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Part of letter displaced from middle into other zone: ................................................................................... 9 Letter forms precise ................................................................................................................................................... 10 Letter forms simplified ............................................................................................................................................. 12 Letter forms enriched ............................................................................................................................................... 14 Letter form elaborated ............................................................................................................................................. 15 LETTER SPACING ....................................................................................................... 18 The meaning of letter spacing ................................................................................................................... 20 Letter spacing very narrow (ratio to middle zone height 0.0 to 0.25) ................................................. 20 Letter spacing narrow (ratio to middle zone height 0.26 to 0.5) ............................................................ 21 Letter spacing copybook (ratio to middle zone height 0.51 to 0.95) .................................................... 22 Letter spacing balanced (ratio to middle zone height 0.96 to 1.05) ...................................................... 23 Letter spacing broad (ratio to middle zone height 1.06 to 1.5) ............................................................... 23 Letter spacing very broad (ratio to middle zone height 1.51 to 2.0) ..................................................... 24 Letter spacing extremely broad (ratio to middle zone height 2.0+........................................................ 25 Letter spacing regular ............................................................................................................................................... 26 Letter spacing extremely regular ......................................................................................................................... 26 Letter spacing irregular ............................................................................................................................................ 27 Letter spacing with gaps .......................................................................................................................................... 27 Letter spacing with gaps plus compensation .................................................................................................. 28