Tiêu đề COMPRE - HANDOUTS - OB - (Mr. Aragon) ✅

TOP RANK REVIEW ACADEMY, INC. Page 3 | Zygote Stage, Embryonic Stage, Fetal Stage ZYGOTE --- CLEAVAGE ---- BLASTOMERES --- after 3-4 days---MORULA----after 3-4 days--- BLASTOCYSTS---implantation--- EMBRYO (2-8 weeks)----FETUS(8 weeks-term) IMPLANTATION SIGNS OF IMPLANTATION: Vaginal spotting and slight pain SITE- posterior fundus WHEN= 7-10 days after fertilization Blastocyst AMNION CHORION Innermost Contains the umbilical cord and BOW Facing the fetus thin Develops from trophoblast Outermost and Thick Contains the placenta Facing the uterus 2 Layers 1. #Cytotrophoblast (langhans layer)- Function- to protect fetus against toxoplasmosis and syphilis on the first 16-18 weeks of pregnancy. 2. #Syncytiotrophoblast Function- to produce hcg, for nutrition, production of hormones THE GROWING FETUS Month 1 All systems in the rudimentary form. HEART chambers formed. Heart beating. _____________________________ Beginning formation of eyes, ears nose With arms and leg buds By the end of first month, the fetus is about 1cm long and weighs 400 mg. PRIMARY GERM LAYERS starting as early as second week. ECTODERM Epidermis, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, sense organs, mouth, oral glands, tooth enamel, pituitary gland, mammary gland, CNS. MESODERM Walls of digestive tract, dermis, kidneys, ureter, reproductive organs, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, spleen, pleura, blood, bone marrow. ENDODERM Respiratory system, lungs, pharynx, tongue, tonsils, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, liver, pancreas, urethra, urinary bladder Month 2 Head is large in proportion to the rest of the body Rapid BRAIN development The neural tube (brain, spinal cord and other neural tissues in the CNS is well formed). Notes: Formed External genitalia Sonogram shows a gestational sac, diagnostic of pregnancy. By the end of 8 th week, organogenesis is complete By the end of the second month, the fetus is about one-inch long (2.5cm) and weighs 20 g. Month 3 Placenta is complete. FHT is audible by Electronic Doppler. Sex is distinguishable by outward appearance. Fetus begins to swallow. Kidneys begin to excrete urine. Liver produces bile. Circulatory System is working. The arms, hands, fingers, feet and toes are fully formed. All organs and limbs are present. By the end of 3 rd month, fetus is about 4 inches long and weighs 45grams. Month 4 QUICKENING. ______________ Formed eyes ears nose. Scalp hair develops. FHT by Fetoscope, Lanugo begins to appear _________________ _____________________________________ Meconium in bowels ____________________ By the end of 4 th month, the fetus is about 6 inches long and weighs 55-120g. Notes on meconium:
TOP RANK REVIEW ACADEMY, INC. Page 4 | Month 5 Lanugo completely appears, QUICKENING _______________ FHT by ordinary STETHOSCOPE _________ Bones hardening, Nipples appear over the mammary gland, Fetus actively swallows amniotic fluid. _________ Age of Viability. __________________________ End of 5 th month= fetus 25cm long Month 6 Body well proportioned. Skin is red and wrinkled. Eyebrows and eyelashes are well defined. Eyelids are open. The skin is covered with vernix caseosa. _________________________________ Hearing is established. Fetus= 28-36cm. long, Weight: 780g Month 7 Surfactant can be demonstrated in the amniotic fluid______________________ Body is less wrinkled. Hearing fully develop. Testes begins to descend in the scrotal sac. The blood vessels of the retina are thin. _________________________________ Fetus= 35 to 38cm, weight: 1200g Daily counting of fetal movement increases between 28-38 weeks __________________________________ Notes: _____________________________________ Note: In women with a multifetal gestation, daily fetal movements are significantly increased. Month 8 Subcutaneous fats begin to be deposited ___________________________________ iron deposits calcium deposits. Skin is smooth and pink. Fingernails grow. Birth position assumes. CNS has matured enough (29-32 weeks). Active moro reflex is present. Fetus= 38cm, Weight: 1600g Notes: Month 9 Nails are firm. With definite sleep and wake pattern. Lanugo disappearing. Most babies turn into vertex position. _______________________________________ Lecithin and sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) is 2:1= (35 WEEKS) Presence of phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) confirms lung maturity (36 WEEKS). fetus= 42-48 cm. long, weight: 1800grams-2700grams Month 10 Little lanugo Testes have descended. With good muscle tone and reflexes Fetus kicks actively. _________________ Fingernails extend over the finger tips Creases on the soles of the feet cover at least two thirds of the surface. Lightening occurs two weeks before labor. __________________________________ __________________________________ Fetus= 48-52cm long, weight: 3000grams. AMNIOTIC FLUID/ BAG OF WATER/ AMNIOTIC SAC The major sources of amniotic fluid after 20 weeks are the _______________________ Normal Volume: 500-1000ml or 700-1000ml or 800-1200ml ___________________ FUNCTIONS 1. protection from trauma 2. maintains temperature 3. prevents cord compression 4. helps in delivery 5. for musculoskeletal development pH of Amniotic fluid= 7-7.25 ___________________ Normal color- CLEAR #Less than 500ml= oligohydramnios Indication: _____________________ Notes: #More than 1500ml= polyhydramnios Indications: _____________________________________ ________________________________________________________ __________________