Tiêu đề Topic _ Therapeutic Guidelines Oral leukoplakia.pdf ✅

[X] Close Oral leukoplakia Oral leukoplakia Leukoplakia is a clinical term for a nonremovable white lesion that is not easily recognisable as any particular condition and therefore requires further investigation. Oral leukoplakia may be homogenous (uniform lesion often with a fissured surface), or nonhomogeneous (with surface irregularity and textural or colour variation [eg speckled])—see Figure 13.14. Some oral leukoplakia lesions show histologic evidence of dysplasia, carcinoma in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma—see Oral cancer. The malignant transformation rate for oral leukoplakia is variably reported, but ranges between 0.13 to 34%, with a mean annual transformation rate of 3.8% per year. Refer patients with oral leukoplakia to an appropriate specialist for biopsy and monitoring [Note 1] . Biopsy of a persistent undiagnosed oral white patch is required to exclude epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma. Figure 13.14 Leukoplakia of the ventral surface of the tongue and floor of mouth Note 1: The treating specialist should perform the biopsy of an oral mucosal lesion. In rural or remote areas where a delay in specialist review is expected, seek expert advice on biopsy technique—a punch biopsy is not appropriate. References Key references: Oral leukoplakia Holmstrup P, Vedtofte P, Reibel J, Stoltze K. Long-term treatment outcome of oral premalignant lesions. Oral Oncol 2006;42(5):461–74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16316774 Hsue SS, Wang WC, Chen CH, Lin CC, Chen YK, Lin LM. Malignant transformation in 1458 patients with potentially malignant oral mucosal disorders: a follow-up study based in a Taiwanese hospital. J Oral Pathol Med 2007;36(1):25–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17181738 Jessri M, Mawardi H, Farah CS, Woo S-B., Farah CS, Balasubramaniam R, McCullough MJ, editors. Contemporary oral medicine. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2018. Liu W, Shi LJ, Wu L, Feng JQ, Yang X, Li J, et al. Oral cancer development in patients with leukoplakia--clinicopathological factors affecting outcome. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e34773. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22514665 Warnakulasuriya S, Ariyawardana A. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies. J Oral Pathol Med 2016;45(3):155–66.