Tiêu đề 11 Economic importance of fungi.pdf ✅

➢ Fungi play important role in human food production. ➢ Agaricus campestris is edible mushroom and cultivated for its fructifications. the fruiting bodies are quite freshly and eaten directly as vegetable ➢ Morchella esculenta is another important edible fungus. It is found in Kashmir, Himachal and Punjab plains. Its local name is ‘guchi’ & sold as two thousand or more per kilogram. ➢ Torulopsis utilis, is used for the large-scale production of yeast for food purposes. ➢ Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in bread making industry. ➢ There is a non-poisonous edible toadstool, i.e., Coprinus sp. found in lawns in the rainy season.
➢ Several fungi are used in the production of medicines. ➢ Ergot is prepared from the sclerotia of Cleviceps purpurea. It contains some alkaloids which are used to induce uterine contraction for abortion, in the treatment of menstrual disorders and to check haemorrhages. ➢ Ephedrine is synthesized from benzaldehyde by the action of yeast and it used in the treatment of asthma and nasal troubles. ➢ Steroids: Steroids are complex organic compounds, effective against rheumatoid arthritis, allergic, dermatologic, and other diseases. A wide variety of fungi have the capacity of synthesizing many steroids. E.g., Rhizopus nigricans and Aspergillus niger (cortisone)
➢ Vitamins are accessory micronutrients, Several yeasts are good source of vitamin B complex. Eremothecium ashbyii is a rich source of vitamin B12, whereas vitamin A is extracted from Rhodotorula gracilis. ➢ Antibiotics extracted from Penicillium notatum. It is used to treat or prevent some types of bacterial infections.