Tiêu đề Notes 4.pdf ✅

GIS-503 FUNDAMENTALS OF GIS Uttarakhand Open University UNIT 1 - DEFINITION AND HISTORY OF GIS Page 3 of 147 1.3.1.1 GIS Objectives 1) To improve the efficiency of decision making processes and planning. 2) Provide efficient means for data distribution and handling. 3) Eradication of the duplicated data, 4) Integration of information from many sources. 5) Analysis of queries involving geographical reference data for generation of new information, Update data quickly and at the minimum cost. 1.3.1.2 Concepts and Definition People around the world may like to know the geographic, social, economic, political, and environmental information in digital form for their practical knowledge, academics, services, responsibilities etc. To explore geo-referenced digital information, electronic tools designed for acquiring, presenting, and interacting with information that links location with measured values are needed. One such tool is called a geographic information system, better known as GIS.. GIS technology powers solutions for telecommunications, utilities, agriculture, defense, oil, health care, transportation, mining, environmental management, petroleum, water/wastewater, and many other industries as well as local, state, and federal government agencies. The following points highlight the concepts and definitions of GIS:  A geographic information system (GIS), also known as a geospatial information system, is a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing data and associated attributes which are spatially referenced to the Earth.  GIS provides Geographic/geospatial information about the places on earth`s surface, knowledge about “what, where, when, how, how far etc within the spatial domain and the Geographic/ geospatial synonym.  It is an Information System capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying Geographically Referenced information.  Generally, GIS is a tool that allows users to create interactive queries, data editing, analyze the spatial information, creation of maps, and presentation of results.  GIS and its location based intelligence applications becomes the base for many of the other location-enabled services that rely on analysis and visualization.  GIS makes relationships with unrelated information by using location as the key index variable.  All Earth-based spatial–temporal location and extent references should be relatable to one another and ultimately to a "real” physical location or extent. Generally, GIS is based on an integrating technology consisting of:  Remote Sensing  Cartography and Mapping  GPS  Computers