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People are usually unaware that they are consuming more salt than they really need. (1) ________ salt intake to less than 5g per day could prevent millions of deaths each year. Too much salt in the diet can lead to heart disease and high blood pressure. In the early 1960s, Japanese life (2) ________ was the lowest of any G7 country, due to stomach cancer which partly resulted from the enormous amount of salt they (3) ________ into their food. The decrease in salty food intake is partly responsible for the longer longevity of the Japanese nowadays. Many food manufacturers are reforming the (4) ________ to reduce salt in their products. Since they realised the risks salt might bring to health, many consumers (5) ________ into the habit of checking nutrition labels to see how much salt is in a product before buying it. 1. A. Cutting down on B. Making up C. Getting down to D. Setting in 2. A. cycle B. insurance C. sentence D. expectancy 3. A. are adding B. have added C. added D. would add 4. A. directions B. recipes C. prescriptions D. instructions 5. A. felt B. are falling C. have fallen D. will fall II. Read the following web article and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Getting a good sleep is as important as having a balanced diet or taking regular exercise. Though sleep requirements differ from person to person, most adults need 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night. Poor night sleep can put your health and safety at risk, which is why it's vital that you prioritise and protect your sleep on a daily basis. Numerous studies have connected the lack of sleep with weight gain. A 2020 analysis found that adults who slept fewer than 7 hours per night had a 41% increased risk of running into weight problems. Increasingly high levels of a hormone called ghrelin that makes us feel hungry are reached with the lack of sleep. As a result, we tend to eat more calories and easily become obsessed. The matter can be worsened when exhaustion after a night of too little sleep may make you become unmotivated to work out, go for a walk or any other physical activities. A specific study on overworked employees has also provided a good example of the relation between sleep and concentration. It found out that doctors with moderate and high sleep-related problems were 54% and 96% more likely to make clinically medical errors. 1. 7 to 9 hours per night are a required amount of sleeping time for adults. ________ 2. 41 per cent of adults who do not have enough sleep have weight problems. ________ 3. Ghrelin, the hormone that makes us feel hungry usually wakes us from sleep. ________ 4. The lack of sleep makes us too tired to work out at gyms or take physical exercise. ________ 5. Doctors who have more sleep-related problems face a stronger possibility of making professional mistakes. ________ III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Almost everyone's exercise habits changed when the Covid-19 started. Data from more than 400,000 users of smartphone step-counting apps concluded that around the world, average daily steps declined by about 27 percent by the end of the first month. The more dramatic drop in the time people spent working out was observed among those who had been the most active before the pandemic. After the lockdowns were lifted, most people began exercising again. However, in general, only those older than 65 exceeded the previous minutes of taking part in physical activities. On average, they added 20 minutes more to the time they had usually spent on regular exercise. Older people probably had more free time for exercise than younger adults who are trying to deal with child care, work and many other responsibilities. Moreover, with old age as a condition of Covid-19 cases and deaths, it stands to psychological reason that older people might have worried more about their general health, motivating them to get up and do activities that improve their fitness. A study has also shown that since the lockdown measures were adopted, many people reached their general practitioners to ask about the appropriate intensity of physical activities that they could do at home. The doctors made a list of light activities that one could do at home and reduce time spent sitting or lying down and break up long periods of not being able to do moderate and high intensity activities. The list contains moving around their home, cleaning and dusting, making the bed and walking at a slow pace.
1. Which of the following is not the conclusion of the research mentioned in paragraph 1? A. People who had been more energetic before the pandemic became more inactive during the first month of lockdown. B. On average, the number of steps people took decreased by about 27% in the first month of lockdown. C. More than 400,000 people downloaded smartphone step-counting apps so they could join the research. D. People's exercise habits changed after the lockdown measures were implemented. 2. The underlined word exceeded in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______. A. passed B. cut C. took D. shortened 3. Because age is a factor contributing to the Covid-19 deaths, old adults _______. A. have more time to do exercise B. don't have so many responsibilities in life C. no longer want to work D. are driven into improving their health 4. According to doctors, _______ are suitable to be done at home during lockdowns. A. light activities B. moderate intensity activities C. high intensity activities D. none of the listed activities 5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Why older people tend to do more physical activities after the pandemic lockdowns. B. How the pandemic is changing old people's exercise habits. C. What was the most affected age group when the lockdown measures were used. D. What are the appropriate activities to do at home during the pandemic lockdowns. SPEAKING IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges. 1. Patient: Doctor, I've had a backache since Monday morning. Doctor: _______ A. You should try lifting weights. B. Remember to have your eye test regularly! C. Have you tried doing some stretches yet? D. Can I help you with that? 2. A: Good morning, madam. I am Kevin. I am a fitness trainer here. _______ B: Good morning. I am Linda. As you can see, I am overweight. I want to start a workout routine for obese beginners. A. How can I help you? B. You look so fit and healthy. C. I've worked here for 3 years. D. What kind of samples do you have? V. Complete the conversation with the expressions in the box. A. You are right that it makes people sick. B. You must be kidding. C. I am in some doubt about that. A: Fast food is bad for your health. I think the government should ban it completely. B: (1) ________ . I think eating fast food is convenient. It requires no cooking and is very helpful if you don't have time or a kitchen. A: But eating poor quality diets is linked to risks of obesity and cancer. Do you know that having fast food more than once a week increases the risk of death from heart disease? B: (2) ________ . But there are always dangerous things: driving, smoking, not taking any exercise. And illnesses caused by food poisoning affect thousands of people every day. The government can't control everything. A: Well, that's true, but fast food is changing our cooking culture. More importantly, it makes young people feel hurried. In other words, it can make you impatient. B: Well, (3) ________ . I only know for sure that the fast food industry provides job opportunities for many people. If fast food is banned, millions of people will be unemployed. WRITING