Tiêu đề ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ TRẠI HÈ HÙNG VƯƠNG HƯNG YÊN LỚP 11 2024.docx ✅

1 TỈNH HƯNG YÊN TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN HƯNG YÊN (Đề thi đề xuất) ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI TRẠI HÈ HÙNG VƯƠNG NĂM 2024 ĐỀ THI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 Thời gian làm bài 180 phút (Đề thi gồm có 18 trang) I. LISTENING (50 POINTS) Part 1: You will hear a lecture about the history of salt. For questions 1-10, listen and complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. (20 points) The Early History of Salt Salt use • Salt is salt is one of the oldest and most 1. ______ ubiquitous food seasonings _______. • Salt is essential for human health, for example it regulates the body's 2. ______ acid-base (acid base) balance _______. • In ancient civilizations, salt was highly valued and used as a method of 3. ______ trade and currency _______. • The word 4. _______ salary ______ comes from the Latin word’s solarium argetum, which was used to describe the payment to Roman soldiers. • We know today a high salt environment is not conducive to microbial reproduction and 5. _______ extremely high concentrations ______ of salt can even kill microorganisms. Ancient Sweden • In Ancient Sweden, animals were kept in the 6. _______ surrounding forests ______ at the right time of year so fresh meat was only available in October. • A way of preserving food was invented: salting. • Annual 7. _______ sales of beer ______ increased rapidly because the food was much too salty. Salt source • It has long been found that salt can be extracted from seawater, mineral deposits, 8. _______ saline Lakes ______, brines, springs, etc. • People mainly extract salt from oceans and deserts in the basins. • Salt from spring water is 9. _______ more concentrated ______ and purer compared to that from sea water. Salt distribution • In ancient Sweden, locals needed to protect the 10. _______ shipping ______ by which they imported salt.
2 • In other ancient countries, people carrying salt around were seen as a natural means of transport. TRANSCRIPT In my presentation, I'm going to talk about salt. In modern times, when we talk about salt, people may associate it with high blood pressure or increased heart risk and many health experts warn that we should use less salt in our meals and dishes. However, we should not ignore its importance in our cuisine. and even in early human history, salt is one of the oldest, most ubiquitous food seasonings. (Q1) The taste of salt is one of the basic human tastes. More importantly, salt plays an indispensable role in the health of human beings. For example, it regulates the body’s acid base balance (Q2). Because of its importance to survival, salt has often been considered a valuable commodity during human history. This can be tracked all the way back to ancient Greece, ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, when salt was highly valued and used as a method of trade and currency. (Q3) In ancient Rome, the busiest road leading to the city was the Via Solaria, which means the salt route. In English, a soldier’s pay, which partly consisted of salt, was known as solarium Argentum in Latin, from which we derived the English word salary (Q4). a soldier’s salary was cut if he was "not worth his salt", an expression still used today. In fact, salt was not only the first condiment discovered, but also the first preservative. We know today that food goes bad because microorganisms in the food multiply in abundance and a high salt environment is not conducive to microbial reproduction. Extremely high concentrations (Q5) of salt can even kill microorganisms in the food. The ancients certainly didn’t know this, but they did know that salted food can be preserved for a long time. The use of salt as a preservative can be traced to ancient Sweden. At first, hunting was the principal means of livelihood. In this case, meat supplies were unlikely to be frequent. What's more, fewer animals were available for hunting. In order to ensure the supply of meat, many families in Sweden began to raise animals in the surrounding forests (Q6) during the summer when the weather was suitable for animals to survive. These animals were fed every day until about three to four months later . That's in October they were ready to be butchered for meat. and That was the only month when ancient Swedish people had fresh meat on their table. Then, with the continuous increase in productivity, people finally had some meat left. however, how to store the meat had become a headache until someone invented a whole new way to preserve food salting. People tried to keep meat from going bad by adding some salt to it and it could be preserved for several months and even years. There was evidence that salt was widely used to preserve meat. Historical documents in 1573 recorded the Swedish king’s everyday meals, mentioning that 175$ of meat was consumed each year, but over $150 was salty. From this we can clearly see the importance of salt in Sweden at that time. In addition, the documents
3 also noted that the annual sales of beer (Q7) in Sweden soared during that period and this must be related to high levels of salt in their food. Now let’s turn to the sources of salt. Where is salt from? Well, salt is common in nature. It has long been found that salts can be extracted from seawater mineral deposits, saline lakes (Q8), brine, spring, etc. among which the two most important ones are oceans and basins. on the floor of the latter often lie deserts where traces of salt can be found, such as the Sahara. Furthermore, the quality of different salt types varies a lot. For example, salt from seawater is always mixed with impurities, so after the salt is dried, the sediments and other chemicals need to be purified before eating. However, this is not the case. with salt from spring water we can hardly find any impurities and the salt level is much more concentrated. (Q9) Then how did people distribute salt around the world? Of course, in modern times we have various ways of transporting goods, but in ancient times it was not the case. take ancient Sweden we mentioned before as an example. Because of a heavy use of salt in the diet, Sweden could not feed itself and had to import large amounts of salt from other countries in order to make sure they could buy enough salt from abroad. The Swedish had to attach great importance to shipping (Q10) and keep it undamaged, as it was the most crucial way at that time. while in other ancient countries, in order to distribute salt to other places, groups of men were employed. They put bags of salt on their shoulders or backs and moved them to the surrounding regions. and gradually these people were considered as a mode of transport in early times. Later, with the improvement of traffic conditions, salt trade between different regions was boosted and long distance food trade was also promoted, making communication between different cultures more frequent. Part 2: Listen to a piece of news report on plastic waste. From questions 11-15, answer the questions with no more than 5 words. Write your answer in the given space. (10 points) 11. According to estimations, what do two billion of people worldwide have no access to? proper waste management 12. What are fishing gear types that are often lost or dumped at sea? net, rope, (and) line 13. What catastrophe does abandon fishing gear cause to marine life? entanglement 14. The size of the microplastic is no bigger than that of what? speck of dust 15. What are washed down the drain that contain microbeads? toothpaste (and) face scrub TRANSCRIPT 20 years ago, this stretch of river was teeming with fish now it's being flooded by a deluge of plastic waste. Each day an estimated 2,000 tons of plastic flows down this river. Villagers say the local government here provides no facilities to collect and dispose of the rubbish. Globally it's estimated that two billion people have no access to proper waste management (Q11).
4 It's estimated that annual plastic production in 2050 will have increased by 500% and every minute an entire rubbish truckload of plastic ends up in the ocean. Over a year this adds up to a staggering 8 million tons. The fishing industry puts more plastic in the sea than any other sector and nearly every net rope and line (Q12) used in commercial fishing is made of plastic over a million tons of plastic fishing gear is lost or dumped at sea each year and the consequences for marine life are catastrophic. Entanglements (Q13) are affecting animals all over the world killing an estimated 300,000 marine mammals a year and over 400,000 seabirds. Many of these animals have been caught in plastic fishing gear. As scientists worked tirelessly to better understand this crisis a new plastic threat possibly the most serious yet is emerging. Trillions of micro plastics, tiny pieces of plastic some no bigger than a speck of dust (Q14) floating in our oceans. Microplastic much of it is a result of larger pieces breaking up at sea but it's also coming from some more surprising sources. Microscopic fibers are being washed out of our synthetic clothing. Last month a UK University revealed that in each synthetic wash cycle more than 700,000 micro plastic fibers are released into the environment. Microbeads in toothpaste and face scrubs (Q15) are being washed down the sink and rain is flushing tiny plastic fragments from our car tires into drains. And it's found its way into the food chain. Part 3: You will hear part of an interview with Mark Latell, a scientist who works on volcanoes, talking about his job. For questions 16-20, decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points) 16. According to Mark, predictions about volcanic eruptions can be inaccurate because of the lack of constant observation. T 17. When Mark’s team successfully predicted an eruption on an island, he felt embarrassed by the thanks he received. T 18. Mark’s team role is to deal with eruptions at the scale of national emergency. F 19. Mark thought that the comparison of them with the “cowboys” is true to some extent. F 20. When escaping the eruption of Mount St Helens, everyone in Mark’s team were thrilled by being so close to such a big eruption. F TRANSCRIPT I: Today were joined by Mark Latell, who is a volcanologist. This is a scientist who studies volcanoes things like underground activity and the effects of eruptions. Welcome, Mark. ML: Thank you and hello I: I suppose the inevitable question is, how easy, or even possible, is it to predict when a volcano is likely to erupt?