Tiêu đề GS-II Bharatiya Sanvidhan Va Antarashtriya Sambandh - Namuna Prashnottare.pdf ✅

gm_mÝ` AÜ``Z nona 2 - ^maVr` g§{dYmZ d Am§Vaamï ́>r` g§~§Y - CÎma coIZ Z_wZm àýmoÎmao 1 MPSC amÁ`godm _w»` narjm gm_mÝ` AÜ``Z nona 2 ^maVr` g§{dYmZ d Am§Vaamï ́>r` g§~§Y CÎma coIZ Z_wZm àýmoÎmao nr. S>r. MìhmU & VwH$mam_ OmYd
2 gm_mÝ` AÜ``Z nona 2 - ^maVr` g§{dYmZ d Am§Vaamï ́>r` g§~§Y - CÎma coIZ Z_wZm àýmoÎmao X ¶w{ZH$ A°H°$S>‘r  nwUo & ‘w§~B© & {X„r Q.1 "g§{dYmZ' ¶m g§koÛmao Amnë¶mcm H$m¶ kmV hmoVo? ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ gÎmm-g§aMZoMm ZH$mem H$emàH$mao Amho, ¶mda {Q>ßnUr H$am? (JwU 10) What do you understand by the term Constitution? Comment on how Indian Constitution is a power map ? CÎma emgZ d g‘mO Xmohm|gmR>r "AmMmag§{hVm' AgUmao g§{dYmZ AmYw{ZH$ amOH$s¶ OrdZmV, {deofV... cmoH$emhr ì¶dñWoV ’$ma ‘hÎdnyU© Amho. g§{dYmZ hm Agm XñVEodO AgVmo, Omo EH$m ~mOycm amÁ¶g§ñWoMo ñdê$n ñnï> H$ê$Z, ˶mda ‘¶m©Xm KmcVmo d {Vcm CÎmaXm¶r ~Z{dVmo Va Xþgè¶m ~mOycm ZmJ[aH$m§À¶m ñdmV§Í¶ Am{U h ̧$m§Mr h‘r XoVmo. VgoM g§{dYmZ emgZ Am{U g‘mOmZo AmË‘gmV H$amd¶mÀ¶m "‘yë¶m§Mm g§M' Z‘yX H$aVo, Ë`mAWm©Zo g‘mOmÀ¶m amOH$s¶ ‘mJm©H«$‘UmH$[aVm ‘mJ©Xe©H$ åhUyZ H$m¶©aV AgVo. åhUyZ Vo AmXe© g‘mOmMr Ñï>rXoIrc ‘m§S>V AgVo. AemàH$mao, g§{dYmZmMo dU©Z EH$ "AmMmag§{hVm', "‘yë¶m§Mm g§M' Am{U "XÿaÑï>r nwa{dUmam XñVEodO', Ago H$aVm ¶oB©c. g§{dYmZ ... EH$ gÎmmg§aMZm ^m¡Jmo{cH$ n[a^mfoV EImXm ZH$mem Ogo ^m¡Jmo{cH$ KQ>H$m§Mo ñWmZ Am{U ‘hÎd AYmoao{IV H$aVmo Am{U ˶mda {dñVmamZo àH$me Q>mH$Vmo, ˶mMà‘mUo ^maVr¶ amÁ¶KQ>ZoZo cmoH$emhr, Y‘©{Zanoj Am{U g§KamÁ¶ emgZì`dñWoA§VJ©V {d{dY A{YgÎmm {Z‘m©U Ho$ë`m Am{U amÁ¶H$ma^mamgmR>r ˶m§Zm gÎmm àXmZ H$ê$Z "gÎmm-H|$ÐmMo Omio' ñWm{nV Ho$co. AemàH$mao g§{dYmZmZo gÎmmg§aMZoMm EH$ amOH$s¶ ZH$memM nwa{dcm Amho, Ago åhUVm ¶oVo. (1) g§K VgoM amÁ¶mÀ¶m nmVirda g§gXr¶ cmoH$emhrMr Mm¡H$Q> ñdrH$macr Amho. ˶mA§VJ©V H$m¶Xo‘§S>i, H$m¶©H$mar ‘§Si Am{U ݶm¶‘§S>imÀ¶m {d{eï> A{YH$mam§Mr VaVyX H$ê$Z ¶m {VÝhr g§ñWm_Yrc Am§Vag§~§Yhr Z‘yX Ho$cm Amho. (2) g§gXr¶ ì¶dñWoA§VJ©V {Z¶§ÌU Am{U g§VwcZmMr nÕVXoIrc ñdrH$macocr Amho. {~«{Q>e ì¶dñWo‘ܶo A§V^y©V Zgcoco g§VwcZmMo VÎd ^maVr¶ amÁ¶ì¶dñWoZo emgZmÀ¶m {VÝhr emIm§H$[aVm nwa{dco Amho. (3) ñdV§Ì ݶm¶‘§S>imMr VaVyX H$ê$Z Ë`mg ݶm¶mc¶rZ nwZamdcmoH$ZmMm A{YH$ma gmon{dcm Amho. (4) emgZg§ñWoÀ¶m {VÝhr A§Jm§‘Yrc gÎmm{d^mOZm{edm` ñdV§Ì gm§{dYm{ZH$ A{YgÎmm§Mr VaVyX Ho$cr Amho. CXm. {ZdS>UyH$ Am¶moJ, ‘hmcoImnarjH$, {dÎm Am¶moJ dJ¡ao. (5) g§KamÁ`r` ì`dñWoMm ñdrH$ma H$ê$Z g§K Am{U amÁ¶m‘ܶo gÎmoMo {d^mOZ Ho$co. VWm{n, gÎmoMo g§VwcZ ñnï>nUo H|$ÐmH$S>o PwH$coco {XgVo. nwT>o 1992-93 ‘ܶo ñWm{ZH$ emgZmcm KQ>ZmË‘H$ XOm© ~hmc H$ê$Z KQ>ZmË_H$ emgZmMm {Vgam ñVa {Z_m©U Ho$cm. (6) amÁ`ì`dñWoVrc gÎmmË_H$ g§aMZoÀ`m Xþgè¶m ~mOycm "cmoH$' hr eo$s g_m{dï> Amho. Amnë¶m g§{dYmZmZo Kmo{fV Ho$co H$s, "^maVr¶ cmoH$ gÎmoMm ómoV AmhoV' Am{U g§{dYmZmZo ZmJ[aH$m§À¶m ‘yc^yV h ̧$m§Mr ¶mXr Z‘yX H$ê$Z Ë`mMo g§ajU H$aʶmMr O~m~Xmar ñdV§Ì Ý`m`_§S>imcm ~hmc Ho$cr Amho. AemàH$mao ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZmZo g§gXr¶ cmoH$emhr d g§KamÁ¶ ì¶dñWoMm ‘oi KmcUmam Am{U ^maVr` g_mOmg AZwê$n Agm gÎmm-g§aMZoMm d¡{eîQ>çnyU© ZH$mem ñdrH$macm Amho. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ
X ¶w{ZH$ A°H°$S>‘r  nwUo & ‘w§~B© & {X„r gm_mÝ` AÜ``Z nona 2 - ^maVr` g§{dYmZ d Am§Vaamï ́>r` g§~§Y - CÎma coIZ Z_wZm àýmoÎmao 3 Q.2 amï ́>r` Apñ‘VoMo {dYmZ åhUyZ amÁ`KQ>Zm. (JwU 15) Constitution as a statement of National Identity. CÎma ^maVmMr amï ́>r` Apñ‘Vm AZÝ`gmYmaU ñdê$nmMr Amho. Ë`m‘Ü`o g_mOmVrc àM§S> d¡{dÜ` Agboë`m g§ñH¥$Vr, {dMmaàUmbr, Y‘©, d§e BË`mXtMm g§`moJ Pmbm Amho. hr Apñ_Vm amï ́>-amÁ`mÀ`m EImÚm {d{eï> g§H$ënZoer ~m§Yrb Aer EH$macocr Zmhr. ^maVr` amÁ`KQ>Zo‘Ü`ohr AemM àH$mao g§H$ënZm, {dMma Am{U gyú‘ ^oXm§Mm g§`moJ Pmbobm Amho. amÁ`KQ>Zobm Ho$di ^maVmVrbM Zìho Va OJ^amVrb {d{^Þ g§doXZm§Zr à^m{dV Ho$co Amho. {^Iy nmaoI `m§Zr g§{dYmZmg "amï ́>r` Apñ_VoMo {dYmZ' Ago _mZyZ Ë`mVrc A§J^yV KQ>H$ AYmoao{IV Ho$co. EH$, hr ñd`§{ZYm©[aV åhUOo ^maVr` cmoH$m§Zr {Z_m©U Ho$cocr Apñ_Vm Amho. XmoZ, hr Apñ_Vm, gä`Vm Am{U amï ́>-amÁ`XoIrc Amho. Am[U VrZ, ñdmV§Í`, g_Vm, gh^md Am{U ì`o$sMr à{Vð>m `m VÎdm§Zm ~m§Yrc Agcocr hr Apñ_Vm Amho. ^maVr` amÁ`KQ>ZoÀ`m àñVmdZoVrb n{hë`mM dmŠ`mZo ^maVr` amï ́>mMo gmd©^m¡‘, Y_©{Zanoj, bmoH$emhr Am{U àOmgÎmmH$ ñdê$n ñnï> Ho$bo Amho. ^maVmÀ`m {d{eï> ñdê$nmÀ`m BhdmXmbm Ý`m` XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ åhUyZ amÁ`KQ>ZoZo ~hþg§»`mH$dmXr d¥ÎmrnmgyZ Ym{‘©H$ d ^m{fH$ Aëng§»`mH$m§Mo g§ajU H$aUmè`m VaVwXr Ho$ë`m AmhoV. g‘wXm`mMr ^y{‘H$m H$m`‘M ‘hÎdmMr am{hboë`m `m XoemVrb amÁ`KQ>ZoÀ`m {Vgè`m ^mJm‘Ü`o ì`{o$JV Am{U gm_y{hH$ (JQ>mMo) Aem XmoÝhr A{YH$mam§Zm ‘mÝ`Vm {Xbr Amho. ^maVmÀ`m amï ́>r` Apñ‘Voda AmYw{ZH$ ^maVmÀ`m g§H$ënZoMo {d{eï> {MÌ aoImQ>Umè`m amï ́>r` ZoË`m§À`m AmXemaMmhr ‘moR>m à^md nS>bm. Aem ZoË`m§Mr AmXe© VÎdo amÁ`KQ>ZoV Z‘yX AmhoV - CXmhaUmW© Mm¡Ï`m ^mJm‘Ü`o (AμZwÀN>oX 40, 43, 47 d 48) Jm§YrdmXr ‘mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdm§Mm à^md {XgVmo Am{U gaZmå`mVrb gm‘m{OH$ Ý`m`mÀ`m g§H$ënZoda Am§~oS>H$ar {dMmam§Mm à^md {XgyZ `oVmo. ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr‘Ü`oXoIrb ÌwQ>r AmhoV. OmVtÀ`m {df‘ CVa§S>rda g‘mOmMr {d^mJUr H$aÊ`mMr nÕVr, hr AerM EH$ ‘hÎdmMr CUrd Amho. amÁ`KQ>ZoZo `m ÌwQ>rMr XIb KoV Ë`m gwYmaÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. Aem gwYmaUm§gmR>rM Añn¥í¶Vm {ZdmaU (AZwÀN>oX 17) qH$dm g§YrÀ`m g‘mZVogmR>r amÁ`g§ñWobm "gH$mamË‘H$ H¥$Vr' (affirmative action) H$aÊ`mMo YmoaU A§{JH$maÊ`mMr ‘w^m XoÊ`mV Ambr. WmoS>Š`mV, Joë`m gmV XeH$m§À`m àdmgmV ^maVmMr amï ́>r` Apñ‘Vm BVa gd© Apñ‘Vm§à‘mUo gVV ApñWa d àdmhr am{hbr Amho, Á`mda ~XcË`m H$mimMm à^md nS>bm Amho. amÁ`KQ>ZoVrc cd{MH$Vo_wio H$mcgwg§JV ~Xcmg dmd {_imcm Amho. _mÌ Ë`mMdoir amÁ`KQ>ZoVrb A^oÚ ñdê$nmÀ`m "‘m¡{bH$ g§aMZo'‘Ü`o ~Xb hmoD$ Z`oV, `mgmR>r Ý`m{`H$ g§ajU nwa{dÊ`mV Ambo. Q.3 ^maVr` amÁ`KQ>ZoVrb Y‘©{ZanojVm. (JwU 10, ‘w»` 2015) Secularism in the Indian Constitution. CÎma Y‘©{ZanojVoMo ^maVr` àmê$n ho A‘o[aH$s d `wamonr` àmê$nmnojm {^Þ Amho, ho AmVm gd©_mÝ` Pmco Amho. amoZmoOm°` goZ `m§À`m‘Vo, ^maVr` ñdmV§Í`bT>çmVrb à‘wI ZoVo AgUmè`m ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr, Odmhabmb Zohê$, S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a `m§À`mnmgyZ àoaUm KoV KQ>Zm g{‘VrZo XmoZ g§H$ënZm§Mm A{ÛVr` g§`moJ gmYcm. (1) em§VVmnyU© gh ApñVËdmMr AZw‘Vr XoUmè`m Ym{‘©H$ g{hîUwVogh gd© Y‘maà{V g‘mZVm (gd©Y‘©g‘^md); Am{U (2) amÁ`mZo àË`oH$ Y‘m©nmgyZ - ‘J Vmo Y‘© ~hþg§»`mH$m§Mm Agmo dm Aëng§»`mH$m§Mm- g‘mZ A§Va amIUo (Y‘©{ZanojVm) amÁ`KQ>ZoÀ`m ‘yi XñVmdoOmV Oar 'Y‘©{ZanojVm' g§koMm àË`jarË`m C„oI Zgbm, Var KQ>ZoV g‘m{dï> AgUmè`m AZoH$
4 gm_mÝ` AÜ``Z nona 2 - ^maVr` g§{dYmZ d Am§Vaamï ́>r` g§~§Y - CÎma coIZ Z_wZm àýmoÎmao X ¶w{ZH$ A°H°$S>‘r  nwUo & ‘w§~B© & {X„r VaVwXtZr {VMo ‘ybV... Y‘©{Zanoj ñdê$n àñWm{nV Ho$bo. CXm. H$b‘ 25 àË`oH$ ZmJ[aH$mbm gX2gX2{ddoH$mMo Am{U ng§VrÀ`m Y‘m©Mm ‘wo$nUo ñdrH$ma, AmMaU Am{U àgma H$aÊ`mMm h ̧$ ~hmb H$aVo. H$b‘ 26 àË`oH$ Ym{‘©H$ JQ>mg Ym{_©H$ H$maUm§gmR>r g§ñWm§Mr ñWmnZm H$aUo Am{U Ë`m§Mo ñdm`ÎmnUo ì`dñWmnZ H$aUo `mMm A{YH$ma XoVo. ZmJ[aH$m§da H$a bmXÊ`mÀ`m g§X^m©V H$b‘ 27 Am{U emgH$s` AZwXmZmda MmbUmè`m emim§‘Ü`o Ym{‘©H$ {ejU XoÊ`mÀ`m g§X^m©V H$b‘ 28 `m XmoÝhr VaVwXr amÁ`mg Y‘© d Ym{‘©H$ ~m~tnmgyZ {dbJ H$aÊ`mMr VaVyX H$aVmV. VWm{n, AZwgy{MV OmVr d AZwgy{MV O‘mVtgma»`m H$mhr JQ>m§darb Eo{Vhm{gH$ AÝ`m`mg Xÿa H$aÊ`mÀ`m amÁ`mÀ`m O~m~Xmarer Ym{‘©H$ ñdmV§Í`mMm g‘oQ> H$aUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio, H$b‘ 25 Am{U 26 da dmOdr {Z~aY bmXÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV, Á`mÛmao amÁ`g§ñWm gm‘m{OH$ gwYmaUoÀ`m H$m`m©Mm nmR>nwamdm H$ê$ eHo$b. CXm. X{bVm§gmR>r ‘§{Xa àdoe. `mì`{V[ao$, ì`o$s ̈Zm A{YH$mam§Mr h‘r XoVmZmM amÁ`KQ>ZoZo Ym{‘©H$ AmYmao H$moUË`mhr ñdê$nmÀ`m ^oX^mdmg ñnï>nUo à{V~§Y Ho$bm Amho. Ho$di ì`{o$JV H$m`Úm§Mm AndmX dJiVm BVa àË`oH$ joÌm§V Y_©{Zanoj H$m`Xo ñdrH$maÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. `m{edm`, ^maVmÀ`m ’$miUrÀ`m ^`mZH$ H$maUm§Zr d n[aUm‘m§Zr KQ>Zm{Z‘m©Ë`m§Zm -^maVmVM amhÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVboë`m- Aëng§»`mH$m§À`m qMVm§Mo Ëd[aV {ZamH$aU H$aUo H«$‘àmá ~Zbo. Ë`mgmR>r ^maVr` amÁ`mÀ`m Y‘©{Zanoj ñdê$nmdarb Ë`m§Mr lÕm ÑT>nUo àñWm{nV H$aUo JaOoMo hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio ‘yb^yV A{YH$mam§À`m ^mJ VrZ‘Ü`o AZwÀN>oX 29 Am{U 30 AÝd`o ñnï> VaVwXr g‘m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amë`m, Á`mÛmao gm§ñH¥${VH$, ^m{fH$ Am{U Ym{‘©H$ Aëng§»`mH$m§Zm Ë`m§À`m Mmbr[aVtMr OmonmgZm H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m`m©V {deof g§ajU {Xbo. `mì`{V[ao$, ~hþg§»`mH$ g‘wXm`mgmo~VM Ym{‘©H$ Aëng§»`m§H$ g‘wXm`mÀ`m àWm Am{U d¡`{o$H$ H$m`Úm§‘Ü`o H«$‘mH«$‘mZo gwYmaUm§Mr à{H«$`m gwb^ H$aÊ`mgmR>r g‘mZ ZmJar H$m`ÚmMr H$ënZm ‘wÔm‘hÿZ Ý`m`à{dï> Zgcoë`m ^mJ Mma‘Ü`o (H$b‘ 44) R>odÊ`mV Ambr. Á`màH$mao Apñ‘VoMo amOH$maU {dH${gV Pmbo Amho, O‘mVdmX Am{U ~hþg§»`m§H$dmXmMm ‘moR>m YmoH$m {Z‘m©U Pmbm Amho, Ë`m‘wio Y‘©{ZanojVoMm AW© H$mimà‘mUo ~Xbbm Amho. Ý`m`mb`rZ {ZdmS>çm§Zr XoIrb Y‘©{ZanojVoMo BVa gm§{dYm{ZH$ VaVwXter g§VwbZ gmYÊ`mMo H$R>rU H$m`© H$aVm§Zm Y_©{ZanojVoMr ì`már Am{U ‘`m©Xm `m§Mm CbJS>m H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. ^maVr` amÁ`KQ>ZoVrb Y‘©{ZanojVoÀ`m g§H$ënZo^modVr ‘V^oX AgyZ XoIrb, Vr g§{dYmZmÀ`m ‘yb^yV g§aMZoMm ^mJ ~Zbr Amho Am{U amOH$s` dJm©À`m {dídmgmMo EH$ {Z{d©dmX H$b‘ åhUyZ {dH${gV Pmbr Amho, ho cjmV `oVo. Q.4 Y_©{ZanojVm Am{U g_mZ ZmJar H$m`Xm `m ~m~r H$emàH$mao gwg§JV AmhoV? (JwU 10) In what way Secularism and the idea of Uniform Civil Code are compatible with each other? Explore. CÎma Y_©{ZanojVm Am{U g_mZ ZmJar H$m`Xm `m XmohmoVrb gwg§JVr dm AZwê$nVm (compatibility) bjmV KoÊ`mgmR>r `m XmoÝhr g§H$ënZm§Mm AW© `mo1⁄2`nUo cmdUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Y_©{ZanojVm åhUOo "Y_© Am{U amOH$maU `mVrb ~§{XñV \$maH$V' qH$dm "amÁ`mZo gd© Y_manmgyZ g_mZ A§Va amIUo' Zìho Va (Y_© ~hþg§»`m§H$ Amho H$s Aëng§»`m§H$ ho Z nmhVm) "gd© Y_maZm g_mZ _mZUmar VËdàUmbr' hmo`. Ë`mM~amo~a "EH$mM Y_m©Vrb {d{dY n§Wm§_Ü`o g_mZVm' Agm AW© ñdrH$maUo A{YH$ {hVmdh Amho. amOH$s` {díbofH$ amOrd ^mJ©d `m§À`m _Vo, ^maVr` Y_©{ZanojVm åhUOo gd© Y_manmgyZ "g_mZ A§Va' (equidistance) Zìho Va "VËd{Zð> A§Va' (principled distance) amIUo hmo`. åhUOo amÁ`mZo gXmo{XV VQ>ñW amhUo Ano{jV Zmhr Va A{Y_mÝ` AmYmamda Amdí`H$Vm Agob Voìhm Ym{_©H$ ~m~t_ Ü`o hñVjon H$aUo hmo`. CXm. g_yhmMo VgoM ì`o$sÀ`m h ̧$m§Mo g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ym{_©H$ ~m~VrV hñVjon H$aUo JaOoMo R>aVo. AemàH$mao, ^maVr` Y_©{ZanojVoÀ`m g§H$ënZoZo EH$sH$So> Ym{_©H$ ñdmV§Í`mMm A{YH$ma (ì`o$s~amo~a JQ>m§Zmhr) ~hmb Ho$bm Am{U gd© Y_maà{V g_mZ AmXa amIV gmd©O{ZH$ joÌmV Y_m©bm AdH$me CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbm Va XþgarH$So> Ý`mæ`nUo Am{U