Tiêu đề 8. NEO-COLONIALISM AND THE QUESTION OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN THE THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES.pdf ✅

1 HISTORY 2 Topic 8 Neo-Colonialism and Underdevelopment in the Third World Countries MsomiBora.com
2 NEO-COLONIALISM AND THE QUESTION OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN THE THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES The word neo-colonialism basically means "a new kind of colonialism," and colonialism is when one country controls another, often using violence. This new kind of colonialism uses non-military ways of gaining control, mostly through economic means, and often makes use of the poorer country's resources in a way that leaves its people dependent on the richer country and also ensures they'll remain poor. Colonialism which was direct control, but neo-colonialism operates indirectly and secretly. When first proposed, neo-colonialism labelled European countries' continued economic and cultural relationships with their former colonies, African countries that had been liberated in the aftermath of Second World War. Kwame Nkrumah, former president of Ghana (1960–66), coined the term, which appeared in the 1963 preamble of the Organisation of African Unity Charter, and was the title of his 1965 book Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism (1965). Nkrumah theoretically developed and extended to the post–War 20th century the socio-economic and political arguments presented by Lenin in the pamphlet Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917). The pamphlet frames 19th-century imperialism as the logical extension of geopolitical power, to meet the financial investment needs of the political economy of capitalism. In Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism, Kwame Nkrumah wrote: In place of colonialism, as the main instrument of imperialism, we have today neo-colonialism . . . [which] like colonialism, is an attempt to export the social conflicts of the capitalist countries. . . . The result of neo-colonialism is that foreign capital is used for the exploitation rather than for the development of the less developed parts of the world. Investment, under neo-colonialism, increases, rather than decreases, the gap between the rich and the poor countries of the world. The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the capital of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to impoverish the less developed. The crises of underdevelopment in the third world have been a subject of discourse amongst social scientists, national governments and international development organization for several decades. Largely countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are wallowing in mass poverty and socio-
3 Poor cooking method in Third World Countries economic underdevelopment. According to Abraham (2010), third world countries are economically poor and technologically backward and largely characterized by under-developed structures, high maternal mortality, high child mortality, lower mass literacy, large rural population and so on. Aims of neo-colonialism i. To continue with economic exploitation of the independent Third World Countries. This is mainly through international trade, foreign investment and aid. ii. Spreading Western ideology. For example, in the era of the Cold War, neo-colonialism aimed at preventing Third World Countries from falling under communism. iii. It also aimed at achieving political domination over the Third World Countries aiming at undermining the independence of the Third World Countries and strengthening the superior positions of the developed countries. iv. The imperialist powers also aim at their own self style globalisation of creating one system to fit all but for the Third World especially to fit exploitation. v. To foster dependence of all forms. Neo-colonialism looks at maintaining dependence of