Tiêu đề 2. CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE DRUGS.pdf ✅

PHARMD GURU Page 2 1) ALPHABETICAL CLASSIFICATION: This classification provides arrangement of crude drugs in alphabetical order of their Latin and English names or sometimes local names. This method is adopted in many books like Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary, British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmaceutical Codex, European Pharmacopoeia (Latin Titles), Encyclopedia of common Natural ingredients used in Drugs and cosmetics. In Indian Pharmacopoeia 1966 names changed to English, like Amylum changed to starch, Acacia gum changed to Indian gum etc. Example: Acacia, Benzoin, Cinchona, Dill, Ergot, Fennel, Gentian, Hyoscyamus, Ipecacuanha, Jalap, Kurchi, Liquorice, Myrrh, Nux-Vomica, Opium, Podophyllum, Quassia, Rauwolfia, Senna, Uncaria Gambier, Vasaka, Wool Fat, Yellow Bees Wax, Zedoary. ADVANTAGES: 1. This method provides quick reference search of the crude drugs. 2. Study of drugs by this method is easy once the name of the drug is known. 3. In this system location, tracing and addition of drug entries is easy. DISADVANTAGE:  There is no relationship between the previous and successive drug entries. 2) MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION: All crude drugs are arranged according to the external characters of the plant or animal parts i.e., leaves, roots, stems, flowers from plants etc. This class of drug is further classified as organized and unorganized drug. The organized drugs are obtained from the cellular tissues and dried parts of the plants like, Rhizomes, barks, leaves, fruits, entire plants, hairs, fibres etc. The plant drugs are prepared by some intermediate physical processes like incision, drying or extraction with a solvent and some are do not contain any cellular plant tissues which are called unorganized drugs, e.g., aloe juice, opium latex, agar, gelatin, tragacanth, benzoin, honey, beeswax, lemon grass oil etc. The differences are given in table 1.6.
PHARMD GURU Page 3
PHARMD GURU Page 4 GUM AND MUCILAGE: Gums containing crude drugs are amorphous substances, pathological products produced by the plants under injured or unfavourable conditions. Mucilages are thick, gluey substances produced from plants and some microorganisms. The differences between gums and mucilages are given in table 1.7. ADVANTAGES:  Easy method to study of plant drugs.  Even if the chemical content or action of drug is not known the drug can be studied properly.  It gives idea about the source of drugs.  It gives idea whether it is organized or unorganized.  Easy to identify and detect the adulteration. DISADVANTAGES:  During collection, drying and packing, morphology of drug changes; they are difficult to study.  No correlation between chemical constituents with therapeutic actions.  Repetition of drugs or plants occurs. 3) TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION: This is the systematic naming of organisms into similar groups. Plant taxonomy uses the gross morphology like flower form, leaf shape, fruit form, etc. of plants to separate them into similar groups. Quite often the characteristics that distinguish the plants become a part of their name.