Tiêu đề Overview of Medicine ✅

OVERVIEW OF MEDICINE 5 steps of managing a medical condition: (1) Taking history; (2) Physical examination; (3) Diagnostic Workup (request medical Tests and Procedures) (4) Diagnosis and Prognosis; (5) Treatment and Tertiary Prevention 1. What can you obtain from taking medical history? A) Symptoms and risk factors B) Symptoms and signs C) Symptoms and tests D) Symptoms and medication 2. Which clinical manifestation of a disease is subjective? A) Pain B) Signs C) Symptoms D) Edema 3. Which cancer has the best prognosis? A) Esophageal cancer B) Testicular cancer C) Prostate cancer D) Thyroid cancer 4. The main reasons for a medical test are as follows: A) To establish a diagnosis in symptomatic patients. B) To screen for a disease in asymptomatic patients. C) To confirm that a person is free from a disease. D) All are correct 5. Sensitivity of a test is the percentage of A) positive tests in the group of participants with positive gold-standard tests B) positive tests in the group of participants with negative gold-standard tests C) negative tests in the group of participants with positive gold-standard tests D) negative tests in the group of participants with negative gold-standard tests 6. Specificity of a test is the percentage of: A) positive tests in the group of participants with positive gold-standard tests B) positive tests in the group of participants with negative gold-standard tests C) negative tests in the group of participants with positive gold-standard tests D) negative tests in the group of participants with negative gold-standard tests 7. To rule out a disease we use a negative-result test with: A) Low sensitivity B) High sensitivity C) Low specificity D) High specificity 8. To rule in a disease we use a positive-result test with: A) Low sensitivity B) High sensitivity C) Low specificity D) High specificity
9. What is the primary principle of X-rays in medicine? A) Killing cancer cells B) Creating 2D images by energy reflected by the body tissue C) Creating 2D images by the energy attenuated by the body tissue D) Destroying bacteria 10. What is attenuation? A) gradual reduction of energy by absorption and scattering as it pass through body tissues B) gradual reduction of the intensity and amplitude of signals as it pass through body tissues C) the reflection and absorption of energy when they encounters the interfaces between different tissues D) A and B 11. Which of the following statements is true for the grey scale of different tissues with the increasing attenuation on X-ray or CT scan images? A) Fat > Metal > Air > Bone > Muscle B) Fat > Air > Metal > Bone > Muscle C) Air > Fat > Muscle > Bone > Metal D) Metal > Bone> Muscle > Fat > Air 12. On an X-ray or CT scan images, an area of higher density in the test component will appear: A) Darker than the surrounding area B) Lighter than the surrounding area C) More defined than the surrounding area D) Less defined than the surrounding area 13. Why is contrast used in CT scan? A) To suppress particular tissues B) To enhance blood vessels in a particular tissue (such as tumour) C) To ensure correct tissue is being imaged D) To reduce bone interference 14. Mammography use the working principle of A) Infrared imaging B) Metabolic imaging C) Thermography D) X-ray imaging 15. The modality of choice for early detection of breast cancer is A) Ultrasound B) Mammography C) MRI D) PET
16. The advantage of mammography is A) It can detect non-palpable abnormalities of breast B) It can differentiate cystic vs. solid C) No radiation D) All of the above 17. Which composition plays an important role in MRI technique? A) Proton H+ B) Carbohydrate C) Protein D) Fat 18. MRI is not useful for A) Central nervous system evaluation B) Soft tissue evaluation C) Calcification evaluation D) Abdominal imaging 19. What are the disadvantages of an MRI machine (select all correct answers)? A) Noise B) Heavy C) Cooling system D) Take longer time than CT 20. Which statement is correct about MRI images (select all that correct)? A) T1 relaxation time measures how quickly the longitudinal component (z axis) of the net magnetization vector recovers to its ground state. B) T2 relaxation time measure how quickly the transverse (xy plane) components of magnetization decay from in phase to out of phase C) T1 and T2 images both highlight fat tissue and water D) In T1 images fat tissue is bright, in T2 images both water and fat tissue are bright 21. Which type of MRI images do the following pictures describe (from left to right)? A) T1 and T2 B) T2 and T1 22. In ultrasound exam, you would generally select a high frequency transducer to get: A) Better tissue penetration (depth) B) Better image detail (resolution) C) Faster imaging D) Decreased attenuation
23. Which modality is commonly used to differentiate a solid mass from the cystic one? A) X ray B) Ultrasound C) CT scan D) MRI 24. Positron emission tomography (PET) is A) Infrared imaging B) Metabolic imaging C) Thermography D) X-ray imaging 25. Pharmacodynamics (dược lực học) involves the study of the following EXCEPT... A) Biological and clinical effects of drugs B) Absorption and Distribution of drugs C) Action mechanisms of drug at site of tissues D) Dose-response and drug interactions 26. Pharmacokinetics (dược động học) involves the study of A) Biological and clinical effects of drugs B) Metabolism and Excretion of drugs C) Action mechanisms of drug at site of tissues D) Dose-response and drug interactions