Tiêu đề 9.1 Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering.pdf ✅

This robust institutional and educational foundation is what has allowed India to move from being a nascent player to a serious contender in the global biotechnology and biomedical landscape. Pharmaceutical Research and the Dawn of Genetic Engineering One of the most significant and mature areas within India's new engineering frontier is its pharmaceutical industry. While traditionally known for its prowess in generic drug manufacturing, Indian pharmaceutical research is now moving towards more complex and innovative areas, with genetic engineering emerging as a key growth driver. 1. The Pharmaceutical Powerhouse: A Shift from Generics to Innovation  Global Generic Hub: India has long been a global leader in manufacturing high-quality, low-cost generic drugs. This success was built on a strong foundation of process engineering, which allowed companies to reverse- engineer and produce pharmaceuticals efficiently and affordably.  The Move to R&D: The industry is now making a strategic shift towards original research and development. Indian pharmaceutical companies are investing heavily in new drug discovery, often in collaboration with international partners. This is moving the country from being a copycat producer to a key contributor in the global pharmaceutical pipeline.  Biopharmaceuticals: A major focus of this research is in biopharmaceuticals—drugs derived from biological sources like cells and proteins. This is a high-value, high-tech sector where India is rapidly building expertise, particularly in the production of bio-similar, which are generic versions of complex biological drugs. 2. Genetic Engineering: The Frontier of the Future