Tiêu đề 23. CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE.pdf ✅

PHARMD GURU Page 1 INTRODUCTION:  Congestive Cardiac failure is a condition associated with heart disorders leading to impairment of the heart to supply sufficient blood to meet the body requirements.  Cardiac Failure may be associated with the failure of the right or left ventricle or both.  Cardiac failure causes the blood to move through the heart and body at a slower rate, leading to increased pressure in the heart.  As a result, the heart is unable to pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's requirements.  The heart chambers thus respond by stretching in order to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming more stiff and thickened. Such mechanism helps to keep the blood moving for a short while, but the heart muscle walls tend to weaken with time and then are unable to pump with enough strength.  The direct result of the reduced contractility of the cardiac muscles especially those of the ventricles, cause a decrease in the cardiac output and increase in the blood volume of the heart.  This causes the kidneys to often respond by causing the body to retain fluid (water) and sodium, as the systemic blood pressure and the renal blood flow both are reduced.  This results into building up of fluid in the arms, legs, ankles, feet, lungs or other organs causing oedema which makes the body congested, hence the name Congestive cardiac failure.  The term congestive heart failure is used for the chronic form of heart failure in which the patient has evidence of congestion of peripheral circulation and of lungs; CHF is the end result of various forms of serious heart diseases. DEFINITION: Heart failure (HF) is a progressive clinical syndrome caused by inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s metabolic needs. HF can result from any CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE