Tiêu đề ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ DUYÊN HẢI HÀ NỘI LỚP 11 2024.docx ✅

1 THPT CHU VĂN AN - HÀ NỘI ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT (Đề thi gồm 21 trang) KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI LẦN THỨ XV, NĂM 2024 ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH - LỚP 11 Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề) Ngày thi: 16 tháng 7 năm 2024 I. LISTENING (50 points) HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU • Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây; mở đầu và kết thúc mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu. Thí sinh có 20 giây để đọc mỗi phần câu hỏi. • Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 03 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu nhạc kết thúc bài nghe. • Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe. Part 1. Listen to a talk about a chance to rethink the world and decide whether these statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points) 1. Deserts make up nearly one-third of Earth's total landmass and can be found on all seven continents. TRUE 2. Subtropical deserts, located along the equator, experience nighttime temperatures that can reach up to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. FALSE 3. Semi-arid deserts are typically formed through the rain shadow effect caused by tall mountain ranges blocking moisture. TRUE 4. The saguaro cactus has long and shallow root systems to efficiently absorb minimal moisture present in the desert ground. TRUE 5. Desertification is an irreversible process primarily driven by deforestation and poor agricultural practices in affected regions. NOT GIVEN TRANSCRIPT Wind whips over a barren wasteland. Vast nothingness, as far as the eye can see, or so it may seem. Creatures peek out of burrows, scurry across the sand, and soar through the sky, revealing a landscape not as lifeless as it may first appear. Deserts are often defined as areas of land that receive less than 10 inches of rainfall each year. These regions are low in humidity and can even be moisture deficient, evaporating water faster than it is received. While most deserts are found in the mid-latitudes, these diverse ecosystems occur on all seven continents and make up nearly one-third of Earth's total landmass.
2 Deserts are sometimes classified into four major types, subtropical, semi-arid, coastal, and polar. Subtropical deserts are found along the equator in the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. They are the hottest deserts on Earth, with daytime temperatures that can reach up to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. Semi-arid deserts are located in Asia, Europe, and North America. These cold winter deserts often form when tall mountain ranges block moisture through a process called the rain shadow effect. Coastal deserts form alongside the tropical western edges of certain continents. Despite their proximity to water, coastal deserts remain dry. Polar deserts are found in the Arctic and Antarctic. The other end of the extreme, winter temperatures in the Antarctic desert average around minus 50 degrees Fahrenheit. While deserts experience extreme temperatures and receive very little precipitation, they are still important habitats for plants and animals. Desert animals, such as the coyote, have evolved to withstand harsh desert conditions by burrowing into the cool ground and emerging at night when desert temperatures drop. Many desert plants, including the saguaro cactus, have established long and shallow root systems to better absorb what minimal moisture might be present in the ground. Highly specialized to survive in such a harsh environment, desert wildlife is particularly vulnerable to ecological changes. Existing deserts have become less habitable because of rising temperatures that dry up scarce water resources and increase the risk of wildfires. Additionally, new desert areas are beginning to form through desertification. This phenomenon occurs when factors such as deforestation, climate change and resource mismanagement degrade the biological productivity of a region, thereby creating a desert. For instance, in Central Asia, poor irrigation practices and excessive water usage dried up the Aral Sea and formed the youngest desert on the planet. But by practicing responsible agriculture, better management of limited water resources, and limiting further development, it may be possible to curb desertification while protecting our surprisingly rich desert ecosystems. Part 2: For questions 6-10, listen to the recording and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording. (10 points) 6. What process is facilitated by the lungs during breathing? gas exchange 7. Where does air from the nose and mouth get delivered to? trachea 8. What structures in the lungs end in alveoli? bronchi offshoots 9. Through what do oxygen and carbon dioxide pass in the alveoli? alveolar walls 10. What type of design helps the lungs stay strong? anatomical design TRANSCRIPT Breathe in, breathe out. With every breath, the body is replenished and cleansed, a process made possible by
3 two of the body's most important and delicate organs. The lungs are two major components of the respiratory system. Soft, light, and elastic, these organs are prime for taking in and filling up with air. Each lung is subdivided into compartments called lobes. The right lung has three lobes, and the left lung, which is slightly smaller to accommodate the positioning of the heart, has two. This compartmentalization provides a fail-safe for the lungs so that if one lobe is damaged, the four other lobes may remain intact and able to function. The lobes are also connected to separate branches called bronchi of the trachea, which delivers air from the nose and mouth. These branches provide the lobes independent supplies of air. Within each lobe, the bronchi split off into numerous smaller offshoots that end in air sacs. Known as alveoli, these sacs are responsible for a crucial exchange of air. When a person inhales, oxygen fills the alveoli. The alveolar walls, which contain countless capillaries, are so thin that the oxygen inhaled can pass through them and be absorbed by blood cells within the capillaries. A similar transaction occurs in the opposite direction. Carbon dioxide waste transported in the bloodstream can pass through the alveolar walls. From there, they are expelled with every exhalation. This exchange of gases, known as respiration, is what gives the respiratory system its name. Because of their intake of air, the lungs are constantly exposed to the elements and sometimes fall victim to them. Lung conditions may develop, such as emphysema, which for some is caused by the inhalation of tobacco smoke, and pneumonia, which can be caused by the inhalation of infectious organisms. Altogether, these and other lung diseases are the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. The lungs are delicate organs, but despite their vulnerability, their anatomical design allows them to stay strong and play a vital role in fueling the body. Part 3. For questions 11-15, listen to a conversation about laughter therapy. Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 11. What do Stella and Rick see as the main explanation for the popularity of what are called ‘laughter clubs?’ A. They allow people to share their problems with others. B. They don’t require people to make a long-term commitment. C. They are a cost effective way for people to access professional help. D. They appeal to people who may be sceptical about other forms of therapy. 12. Rick feels that the main role of a laughter therapist is to _____________. A. ensure that people get sufficient rest and relaxation. B. help people to escape from one pattern of behaviour.
4 C. make people aware of the consequences of depression. D. investigate the causes if people’s emotional problems. 13. What does Rick regard as the principal benefit of the laughter therapy session he runs? A. They enable people to feel less inhibited. B. They stop people taking life too seriously. C. They give people a good physical workout. D. They encourage people to form lasting bonds. 14. Rick’s interest in laughter therapy initially arose from _____________. A. first-hand experience of another method. B. participation in his wife’s group sessions. C. a desire to help his clients more effectively. D. his mistrust of other alternative approaches. 15. Why does Rick tell us about a client who had problems giving presentations? A. to suggest an alternative remedy for work-related stress. B. to highlight the way in which essential oils affect the senses. C. to show how stress can affect a person’s level of performance. D. to support Stella’s point about making time for certain activities. TRANSCRIPT F1 = Interviewer, F2 = Stella, M = Rick F1: Today I'm talking to alternative therapists, Stella and Rick McFarland, who specialise in what's known as laughter therapy. Before we talk about that Rick, you run a laughter club - tell me, what are laughter clubs exactly? M: Well the idea started in India and soon spread across the world. The clubs meet every morning, so it’s a truly social activity, and it's free of charge, so accessible to everyone – plus there's no obligation to attend. But none of that fully explains their success, because once people start attending, few want to leave, do they Stella? F2: That's right. Our club’s growing all the time. We think many people are put off by the idea of ‘alternative therapy’, as such. The title ‘Laughter Club’ is somehow less intimidating because it doesn’t imply having to buy into a particular philosophy or lifestyle, and we reckon that’s a big part of the attraction. You just go along and laugh as a way of relieving stress. F1: Great. But what about laughter therapy in the wider sense? M: Well, for many clients what the laughter therapist can do is turn things around. Like, anxiety may lead to interrupted sleep patterns which in turn could cause exhaustion, and ultimately lead to depression. In that situation, people forget to laugh, in some cases even to smile. And that has a knock-on effect on everything