Tiêu đề 12 IO Psy - Organizational Communication.pdf ✅

organization, and it can be changed unilaterally at any time ■ Employees are subject to provisions of any amendments, detentions, and changes in the handbook ○ Policy Manual: usually specific and length, contains all the rules and policies under which the organization operates ○ Employee Handbook: much shorter and contains only the most essential policies and rules, as well as general summaries of less important rules ● Newsletters: designed to bolster employee morale by discussing happy or innocuous events such as the three B’s ● Intranets: organization-wide versions of the internet BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Business Communication – transmission of business-related information among employees, management, and customers ● Memos: provides detailed information to a large number of people in a short period of time ● Telephone Calls: only appropriate when the message was short and when only few people needed to receive the communication ● Email and Voicemail: used to exchange general and/or timely information and ask questions ● Business Meetings ● Office Design: organizations adopted an “open” or “landscaped” office design, and informally called “cube farm” ○ Freestanding Design: all desks are placed in a large area that is completely open ○ Uniform Plans: desks are placed at uniform distances and are separated by panels into cubicle areas ○ Free-Form Workstations: a combination of designs so that the different needs of each worker can be accommodated ○ Boulevard: wide hallway that runs through several departments ○ Portable Offices: contains an employee’s computer, files, and supplies that can be wheeled into a walled office or cubicle when privacy is needed ○ Landscaped Office: may be appealing, can increase contact and practical but they can lessen productivity and job satisfaction INFORMAL COMMUNICATION ● Grapevine: unofficial employee communication that is thought to be distorted which provides employees power, information, and entertainment ○ Single-Strand Grapevine: passes to each person until everyone knows the news ○ Gossip Grapevine: passes to a group of people ○ Probability Grapevine: passes to few other employees and randomly pass to other employees ○ Cluster Grapevine: select only few employees, who in turn select few others to pass on ○ Consist of two types of information ■ Gossip: content lacks significance to the people gossiping ■ Rumors: contains information that is significant to the lives of those communicating the message ● Isolates: employees who received less than half of the information ● Liaisons: both received most of the information and passed it onto the others ● Dead-Enders: heard but seldom passed INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION INTENDED MESSAGE VS MESSAGE SENT Interpersonal Communication – involves the exchange of a message across a communication channel from one person to another ● Think about what you want to communicate ● Practice what you want to communicate ● Learn Better communication skills MESSAGE SENT VS MESSAGE RECEIVED ● Choose you words carefully by considering the receiver ● Consider communicated channel through which the message would be transmitted ● Noise, as any interference that affects proper reception of a message, could affect the way a message is received ● Non-verbal cues must be taken in consideration ● Paralanguage: the way we say things and consists of variables such as tone, tempo, volume, number and duration of pauses, and rate of speech ● Artifacts: what the person wears or with which she surrounds herself ○ Open Desk Arrangement: faces a desk against a wall so that a visitor can sit next to the person who sits behind the desk ○ Closed Desk Arrangement: places a desk so that the visitor must sit across from the person behind the desk ● The amount of information contained in a message can affect the accuracy which it is received 2 | @studywithky