Tiêu đề Ex - 1 - Animal Kingdom (Q-A-Sol).pdf ✅

1 ANIMAL KINGDOM EXERCISE – 1: Basic Objective Questions Basis of classification 1. The grade of organization in sponges is (a) Cellular grade (b) Cell-tissue grade (c) Protoplasmic grade (d) Organ-system grade Ans. (a) Sol. Porifera, which are commonly called sponges, have a cellular level of body organisation. In other words, cells in poriferans don’t form any tissues. They are cellular aggregates where there is no division of labour between cells. That is because there is no distinct relationship between the cells so as to perform any coordinated function. 2. Which one occurs in Echinodermata? (a) Asymmetry (b) Radial symmetry (c) Porous body (d) Soft skin Ans. (b) Sol. Radial symmetry occurs in Echinodermata. When any plane passing through the central axis of the body divides the organism into two identical halves, it is called radial symmetry. Adults of Echinodermata are radially symmnetrically while larvae of Echinodermata are bilaterally symmetry. Echinodermata members have hard calcareous ossicles covering them which are impervious to water. Echinodermata members are covered with spines. 3. The type of symmetry in the given animals is (a) A-Bilateral, B-Asymmetrical (b) A-Bilateral, B- Bilateral (c) A-Radial, B- Bilateral (d) A-Radial, B-Radial Ans. (c) Sol. Figure ‘A’ is of Hydra. Hydra belongs to Phylum Coelenterata which has radial symmetry (when any plane passing through the central axis of the body divides the organism into two identical halves). Figure ‘B’ is of crab belongs to Phylum Arthropoda which have bilateral symmetry i.e. where the body can be divided into identical left and right halves in only one plane. 4. Schizocoelomates and enterocoelomates are (a) Acoelomates (b) True coelomates (c) Invertebrates (d) Echinoderms only Ans. (b) Sol. True coelom is categorised into two types- schizocoelom and enterocoelom. They are categorised based on ways in which true body cavity or coelom arises in different animals. Schizocoelom arises from mesodermal split. This body cavity is formed from blocks of mesoderm around the gut that enlarge and hollow out. Example- Animals belonging to the Phylum Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda. Enterocoelom arises from outpocketing of the embryonic gut (endoderm). This type of body cavity is formed by outpocketings of the primitive gut that break off and form the coelom. Example- Animals belonging to the Phyla Echinodermata and Chordata. 5. Which of the following exhibits radial symmetry? (a) Unio (b) Adult Asterias (c) Taenia (d) Schistosoma Ans. (b) Sol. Adult Asterias exhibit radial symmetry. It belongs to Phylum Echinodermata. Animals of Echinodermata are marine and have an endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles. Adult echinoderms are radially symmetrical but larvae are bilaterally symmetrical.
2 ANIMAL KINGDOM 6. Match the columns I and II, and choose the correct combination from the options given. Column I Column II a. Any plane passing through central axis of body divides the organism into two identical halves. 1. b. Body can be divided into identical left and right halves in only one plane. 2. c. Any plane that passes through the centre does not divide them into equal halves. 3. (a) a-1, b-2, c-3 (b) a-3, b-2, c-1 (c) a-3, b-1, c-2 (d) a-2, b-3, c-1 Ans. (c) Sol. Animals can be classified on the basis of their symmetry. Sponges are mostly asymmetrical, i.e., any plane that passes through the centre does not divide them into equal halves. When any plane passing through the central axis of the body divides the organism into two identical halves, it is called radial symmetry, as shown by coelenterates, ctenophores and echinoderms. In animals like annelids, arthropods, etc., the body can be divided into identical left and right halves in only one plane. This type of symmetry is called bilateral symmetry. 7. Study carefully the given flowchart and fill in the blanks (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E). (a) A-Cellular level, B-Bilateral symmetry, C-Radial symmetry, D-Pseudocoelomate, E- Coelomates. (b) A-Cellular level, B-Radial symmetry, C-Bilateral symmetry, D-Coelomates, E-Pseudocoelomate. (c) A-Cellular level, B-Bilateral symmetry, C-Radial symmetry, D-Coelomates, E-Pseudocoelomate. (d) A-Cellular level, B-Radial symmetry, C-Bilateral symmetry, D-Pseudocoelomate, E-Coelomates. Ans. (d) Sol. The kingdom Animalia can be divided on the basis of level of organization into two main classes- cellular level and tissue/organ/organ system level. So, A corresponds to cellular level. The organisms with tissue/organ/organ system level of organization can be divided into two main classes on the basis of symmetry- radial and bilateral symmetry. So, B corresponds to radial symmetry. Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, etc. are mostly and C corresponds to bilateral symmetry. Bilaterally symmetrical organisms can be divided into three main groups on the basis of presence or absence of body cavity or coelom- acoelomates, pseudocoelomates (with false coelom) and coelomates (with true coelom). So, D corresponds to pseudocoelomates and E corresponds to coelomates.
ANIMAL KINGDOM 3 8. Match the columns I and II, and list of animals with their level of organization and choose the correct sequence. Column I Column II i. Organ level 1. Pheretima ii. Cellular aggregate level 2. Fasciola iii. Tissue level 3. Spongilla iv. Organ system level 4. Obelia (a) i - 4, ii - 3, iii - 1, iv - 2 (b) i - 4, ii - 2, iii - 3, iv - 1 (c) i - 2, ii - 4, iii - 3, iv - 1 (d) i - 2, ii - 3, iii - 4, iv - 1 Ans. (d) Sol. The different types of pattern of organisation of cells are: -Cellular aggregate level: The cells are arranged as loose cell aggregates and they do not form tissue, for example - Spongilla -Tissue level of organisation: The cells performing the same function are arranged into tissues, for example- Obelia -Organ level of organisation: The tissues are grouped to form organs, each specialised for a particular function, for example- Fasciola - Organ system level of organization: The organs have associated to form a functional organ system, each organ system is concerned with a specific physiological function, for example- Pheretima. 9. Haemocoel is found in (a) Hydra and Aurelia (b) Taenia and Ascaris (c) Periplaneta and Pila (d) Balanoglossus and Sycon Ans. (c) Sol. Cockroach (Periplaneta) belongs to the Phylum Arthropoda while Pila is a member of Mollusca. Both of them have haemocoel. Haemocoel is a body cavity of arthropods and molluscs which contains circulatory fluid. The circulatory fluid in haemocoel is called haemolymph which helps in transfer of nutrients, hormones and excretion of waste. 10. Examine the figures of diploblastic (i) and triploblastic (ii) organization in animals given below and identify the labeled parts A to D. (a) A-Mesoglea, B-Ectoderm, C-Endoderm, D-Mesoderm (b) A-Endoderm, B-Mesoderm, C-Mesoglea, D-Ectoderm (c) A-Mesoderm, B-Mesoglea, C-Ectoderm, D-Endoderm (d) A-Ectoderm, B-Endoderm, C-Mesoglea, D-Mesoderm Ans. (d) Sol. In animals which exhibit triploblastic organization, there are three germ layers- endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. A corresponds to the ectoderm as it is the outermost layer. B corresponds to endoderm as it is the innermost layer. D corresponds to the mesoderm as it is the layer between the ectoderm and endoderm. In diploblastic animals, mesoderm is absent and an intervening layer called mesoglea is present. So, B corresponds to mesoglea. Phylum Porifera 11. Which of the following phylum is devoid of tissue? (a) Porifera (b) Coelenterata (c) Annelida (d) Arthropoda Ans. (a) Sol. All members of Animalia are multicellular, but not all of them exhibit the same pattern of organization of the cell. For example, in sponges (Porifera), the cells are arranged as loose cell aggregates, i.e., they exhibit a cellular level of organization. The cellular level body consists of many cells that may be similar or show minor division of labour but distinct tissues are not formed.
4 ANIMAL KINGDOM 12. Identify the figures A, B and C and select the correct option. (a) A-Sycon, B-Euspongia, C-Spongilla (b) A-Euspongia, B-Spongilla, C-Sycon (c) A-Spongilla, B-Sycon, C- Euspongia (d) A-Euspongia, B-Sycon, C-Spongilla Ans. (a) Sol. These are examples of the Phylum Porifera. A corresponds to Sycon, B corresponds to Euspongia and C corresponds to Spongilla. 13. In the most simple type of canal system of Porifera, which of the following ways exhibit water flow? (a) Ostia → Spongocoel → Osculum → Exterior (b) Spongocoel → Ostia → Osculum → Exterior (c) Osculum → Spongocoel → Ostia → Exterior (d) Osculum → Ostia → Spongocoel → Exterior Ans. (a) Sol. The ascon type is the simplest type of canal system in Porifera (sponges). This type of canal system is shown by Leucosolenia, Olynthus,etc.. In this type of canal system, water enters through ostia into the spongocoel and is excreted through the osculum. Sponges with ascon type of canal system are called asconoid sponges. 14. In sponges, spongocoel is lined by (a) Choanocytes (b) Amoebocytes (c) Pinacocytes (d) Archaeocytes Ans. (a) Sol. In sponges (poriferans), choanocytes or collar cells line the spongocoel (central body cavity) and the canals. Choanocytes have flagella which generate a flow of water through the sponge’s pores (ostia), into the spongocoel and out through the osculum. This improves both respiratory and digestive functions of the sponge pulling in oxygen and nutrients and allowing a rapid expulsion of carbon dioxide and other waste products. 15. Which of the following have porous body and are diploblastic? (a) Aurelia and Obelia (b) Adamsia and Euplectella (c) Leucosolenia and Spongilla (d) Sycon and Hydra Ans. (c) Sol. Leucosolenia and Spongilla belong to the Phylum Porifera (sponges) while Aurelia, Obelia and Adamsia given in the question are coelenterates. Sponges have porous bodies. They have cellular level of organization and their body is formed from cell aggregates which are loosely joined together. They are diploblastic organisms. Coelenterates exhibit tissue level of body organization. They don't have a porous body. They are diploblastic organisms. 16. Assertion: Sponges exhibit cellular level of organization. Reason: In sponges, cells are arranged as loose cell aggregates. (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false. (d) If both assertion and reason are false. Ans. (a) Sol. Members of Kingdom Animalia are multicellular but the pattern of organization of cells is not same in all the members. In Porifera, the cells exhibit cellular level of organization means cells are arranged as loose cell aggregates. Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria) 17. One of the special characters of coelenterata only is the occurrence of (a) Polymorphism (b) Flame cells (c) Hermaphroditism (d) Nematocysts Ans. (d) Sol. Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria) is characterized by having special capsules called nematocysts. The name of the Phylum Cnidaria is derived from the cnidoblasts or cnidocytes (which contain the stinging capsules or nematocysts) present on the tentacles and the body. Cnidoblasts are used for anchorage, defence and for the capture of prey. 18. The blind sac body plan is shown by (a) Sponges (b) Cnidarians and flatworms