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Long smut - TolypoSporiumehrenbergiü Symptoms This disease is normally restricted to a relatively a small proportion of the florets which are scattered on a head. The sori are long, more or less cylindrical, elongated, slightly curved with a relatively thick creamy-brown covering membrane (peridium). The peridium splits at the apex to release black mass of spores (spore in groups of balls) among which are found several dark brown filaments which represent the vascular bundles of the infected ovary. Symptoms 36 www.AgriMoon.Com seases of Field Crops and Their Management Head smut - Sphacelotheca reiliana Symptoms The entire head is replaced by large sori. The sorus is covered by a whitish grey membrane of fungal tissue, which ruptures, before the head emerges from the boot leaf to expose a mass of brown smut spores. Spores are embedded in long, thin, dark colored filaments which are the vascular bundles of the infected head. Symptoms Management for all smuts Treat the seed with Captan or Thiram at 4 g/kg. Use disease free seeds. Follow crop rotation. Collect the smutted earheads in cloth bags and bury in soil. HMD