Tiêu đề Ex-1 Plant Kingdom (Q-A-Sol).pdf ✅

PLANT KINGDOM 1 EXERCISE – 1: Basic Objective Questions Systems of Classification 1. Which of these is a defining characteristic of plants? (a) Autotrophic nature (b) Eukaryotic cell structure (c) Cellulosic cell wall (d) Aerobic respiration Ans. (c) Sol. The defining character of plants is the cellulosic cell wall. Cell wall forms the outermost layer of the plant cell. It is made up of cellulose in the case of plants. The cellulosic cell wall is a feature found only in plant cells. Hence, it is called the defining characteristic of plants. 2. Phylogenetic classification is based on (a) Utilitarian system (b) Habits (c) Overall similarities (d) Common evolutionary descent Ans. (d) Sol. Phylogenetic classification is also known as evolutionary classification, which classifies organisms on the basis of their evolutionary history. Phylogeny is studied by a tree-like graphical representation known as a cladogram. 3. Natural system of classification differs from the artificial system in (a) Employing only floral trait (b) Employing only vegetative trait (c) Bringing out similarities and dissimilarities (d) Developing evolutionary trends Ans. (c) Sol. The natural classification system is based on the characters like ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology, and phytochemistry that means their consideration scope is external as well as internal features. An artificial system was called so because it was based on a few external features of the organism like habit, color, etc. Thus, the natural system of classification brings out the natural similarities and dissimilarities between the organisms. 4. Cyanobacteria are classified under (Exemplar) (a) Protista (b) Plantae (c) Monera (d) Algae Ans. (c) Sol. Cyanobacteria are classified under Kingdom Monera as they are prokaryotes. They are generally photosynthetic in nature and contain pigments, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, etc. Nostoc and Oscillatoria are examples of this category. Algae (Thallophyta) 5. Most of the algae are (a) Aquatic (b) Terrestrial (c) Saprophytic (d) Parasitic Ans. (a) Sol. Most of the algae are marine or freshwater in nature. They are found on stagnant water bodies, submerged rocks, or free-floating microbodies. Besides forming an important structural and functional component, the algae use water for obtaining dissolved nutrients and in the process of reproduction. 6. If you are asked to classify the various algae into distinct groups, which of the following characters you should choose? (a) Nature of stored food materials in the cell (b) Structural organization of thallus (c) Chemical composition of the cell wall (d) Types of pigments present in the cell Ans. (d) Sol. Algae are mainly classified into three categories as Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Phaeophyceae. They all have different pigments and use these pigments in their metabolism and making the food via photosynthesis. They all have chlorophyll-a in common but brown algae has fucoxanthin and red algae has phycoerythrin that making three of them different from each other.
2 PLANT KINGDOM 7. The study of algae is called (a) Phycology (b) Mycology (c) Algology (d) Both (a) and (c) Ans. (d) Sol. The branch of science that deals with the study of algae is known as phycology, also known as algology. The father of algology is William Henry Harvey. 8. The members of Phaeophyceae or brown algae are found primarily in/on (a) Freshwater (b) Marine habitat (c) Terrestrial habitat (d) Rock Ans. (b) Sol. Phaeophyceae or brown algae is a class of algae that have a brown coloured pigment. The class includes several seaweeds. Most of the members of Phaeophyceae are marine organisms. 9. A member of class Chlorophyceae is (a) Chlamydomonas (b) Volvox (c) Ulothrix (d) All of these Ans. (d) Sol. Chlorophyceae or green algae is a major division of algae and it occurs mostly in freshwater. They can be distinguished based on their morphology. The prominent chlorophyll pigments in them are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b which impart green color to the algae. Chlamydomonas, Volvox, and Ulothrix are examples of green algae. 10. Recognise the figure and find out the correct matching. (a) a-Chlamydomonas, b-Spirogyra (b) a-Volvox, b-Spirogyra (c) a-Volvox, b-Chlamydomonas (d) a-Chlamydomonas, b-Volvox Ans. (d) Sol. Both Volvox and Chlamydomonas are green algae that are found in freshwater habitats. Volvox morphologically, structurally, and biologically has been evolved over and over again from Chlamydomonasthrough convergent evolution. Volvox forms spherical colonies consisting of up to 50000 cells. Chlamydomonas are unicellular, biflagellated green algae. 11. In which algae, motile colonies are found? (a) Volvox (b) Spirogyra (c) Ulothrix (d) All of the above Ans. (a) Sol. Volvox is known as colonial algae. It is freshwater green algae that form oval and hollow colonies. Motility helps them to move towards the area where optimum light is present. 12. Major photosynthetic pigments in green algae are (a) Chl a and b (b) Chl a, c and fucoxanthin (c) Chl a, d and fucoxanthin (d) Chl a and c Ans. (a) Sol. Major photosynthetic pigments present in Chlorophyceae are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. These are light-harvesting pigments that convert light energy into chemical energy. 13. Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of ___ and an outer layer of ____. (a) Cellulose, cellulose (b) Pectose, pectose (c) Pectose, cellulose (d) Cellulose, pectose Ans. (d) Sol. Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall which is made up of an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose and pectose is an amorphous carbohydrate formed by modification of pectin. Both cellulose and pectose
PLANT KINGDOM 3 provide strength, rigidity, and protection to the algal cell. 14. Which of the following is non-flagellate? (a) Chlorella (b) Ulothrix (c) Spirogyra (d) All of the above Ans. (d) Sol. Chlorella, Ulothrix, Spirogyra are non-flagellate algae. They are non-motile algae. Chlorella and Spirogyra are found in freshwater while Ulothrix is found in freshwater as well as marine water. 15. Chloroplast of Chlamydomonas is (a) stellate (b) cup-shaped (c) collar-shaped (d) Oval Ans. (b) Sol. Chlamydomonas is a subtype of green algae which consists of prominent, single, cup-shaped chloroplasts. The chloroplast contains a single pyrenoid for starch formation during photosynthesis. 16. In most green algae, pyrenoids represent the storage bodies located in _____. (a) Chloroplasts (b) Mitochondria (c) Cytoplasm (d) Nucleus Ans. (a) Sol. Pyrenoids are the dense, sub-cellular microbodies present in the chloroplasts of green algae. They play a crucial role in photosynthesis by providing a CO2 rich environment and promoting carbon dioxide fixation with the help of ribulose-1-5-bisphosphate carboxylase or Rubisco. 17. Pyrenoid consists of (a) Protein besides starch (b) Protein around starch (c) Starch around protein (d) Both (a) and (c) Ans. (c) Sol. Pyrenoids are microcompartments that are present in the chloroplasts of algae. The core of pyrenoid is made up of protein which is viscous and granular and it is surrounded by small tightly packed plates of starch. 18. Brown algae are characterized by the presence of (a) phycocyanin (b) phycoerythrin (c) fucoxanthin (d) haematochrome Ans. (c) Sol. Phaeophyceae possess photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-c, and an accessory pigment known as fucoxanthin. It produces different light-harvesting carotenoid complexes, which help the algae in photosynthesis. Example: Laminaria, Sargassum. 19. Agar is commercially obtained from (a) Red algae (b) Green algae (c) Brown algae (d) Red and brown algae Ans. (a) Sol. Agar-agar is a jelly-like substance that is mainly extracted from the cell walls of the red algae. It is a polysaccharide that can be used as a laxative or used in moisturizers. 20. Which of the following pigments are found in brown algae? (a) Chl a and c (b) Chl a and d (c) Chl a, Chl c and fucoxanthin (d) Chl a, phycoerythrin Ans. (c) Sol. Phaeophyceae (brown algae) have chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-c, and fucoxanthin as photosynthetic pigments. These pigments harvest light and convert light energy into chemical energy. Fucoxanthin is an accessory pigment that helps the primary pigments in photosynthesis. 21. Photosynthetic pigments of Rhodophyceae (red algae) are (a) Chl a and b (b) Chl a and c, fucoxanthin (c) Chl a and d (d) Chl a, d and phycoerythrin Ans. (d) Sol. The photosynthetic pigments for light-harvesting in Rhodophyceae are chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-d, and phycoerythrin. These pigments absorb different wavelengths of light. Phycoerythrin pigment is basically a red protein pigment complex.
4 PLANT KINGDOM 22. Phycoerythrin pigment is found in (a) Green algae (b) Red algae (c) Brown algae (d) All of the above Ans. (b) Sol. All types of algae are classified on the basis of pigments present in them. Phycoerythrin is the accessory pigment of red algae. Chlorophyll-a and Chlorophyll-b are present in green algae. Fucoxanthin is the accessory pigment in the case of brown algae. Phycoerythrin helps in harvesting the red light in the deep sea for photosynthesis. 23. Fucoxanthin pigment is found in (a) Green algae (b) Brown algae (c) Red algae (d) All of the above Ans. (b) Sol. Fucoxanthin is an accessory pigment of brown algae. It produces different carotenoids which speed up the energy transfer in photosynthesis light-harvesting complexes. The presence of fucoxanthin is a characteristic feature of Phaeophyceae. 24. Phycoerythrin is present in (a) Euglena (b) Polysiphonia (c) Chlamydomonas (d) Fucus Ans. (b) Sol. Phycoerythrin is an accessory pigment of Rhodophyceae. It produces phycobilins. Phycobilins are proteins that absorb red light and help in photosynthesis. e.g. Polysiphonia, Porphyra. 25. Floridean starch is produced by (a) Blue-green algae (b) Red algae (c) Brown algae (d) Grass-green algae Ans. (b) Sol. Red algae store their food as floridean starch. It is a type of storage glucan (a polymer of glucose). 26. Laminarin and mannitol, the reserve food of brown algae are (a) Lipids (b) Complex carbohydrates (c) Proteins (d) Lipoproteins Ans. (b) Sol. Brown algae have photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthin. The food produced by photosynthesis is stored as reserve food in the form of complex carbohydrates, laminarin (a storage glucan), and mannitol (sugar alcohol). 27. ____ and ___ are unicellular algae, rich in proteins, which are used as food supplements even by space travelers. (a) Chlorella, Spirulina (b) Gelidium, Gracilaria (c) Porphyra, Spirogyra (d) Laminaria, Spirogyra Ans. (a) Sol. There are some algae that have a high vitamin and protein content in them and can be used as food supplements by space travelers. These algae include Chlorella and Spirulina. They are known for the production of single-cell protein. Selenium present in these algae also protects the skin from oxidizing agents. 28. Fusion between a larger non-motile female gamete and smaller motile male gamete is called (a) Isogamy (b) Anisogamy (c) Oogamy (d) None of the above Ans. (c) Sol. Oogamy is a type of sexual reproduction in which the fusion of a large, non-motile female gamete and a small motile male gamete takes place. Fucus and Volvox are examples of this type of reproduction. 29. Fusion of two motile gametes which are dissimilar in size is termed as (Exemplar) (a) Oogamy (b) Isogamy (c) Anisogamy (d) Zoogamy Ans. (c) Sol. Anisogamy is the type of sexual reproduction in which two motile gametes of dissimilar sizes are involved in reproduction. Generally, anisogamy is found in Chlamydomonas. 30. Fusion between morphologically alike gametes is referred to as (a) Isogamy (b) Anisogamy (c) Oogamy (d) Syngamy Ans. (a) Sol. Isogamy stands for the fusion between two similar gametes, which cannot be distinguished as male or