Tiêu đề Nutrition and Diet Therapy.pdf ✅

NURSES LICENSURE EXAMINATION (NLE) Controlled Copy 2023 Rev. 00 CLASSIFIED EXAMINATION FOR CRITICAL TEST ANALYSIS Nutrition and Diet Therapy Philippine Nurses Licensure Examination Warning: This material is protected by Copyright Laws. Unauthorized use shall be prosecuted in the full extent of the Philippine Laws. For exclusive use of CBRC reviewees only. 1. The nurse is teaching a client who has iron- deficiency anemia about foods she should include in her diet. The nurse determines that the client understands the dietary modifications if she selects which items from her menu? A. Nuts and milk B. Coffee and tea C. Cooked rolled oats and fish D. Oranges and dark green leafy vegetables 2. The nurse is planning to teach a client with malabsorption syndrome about the necessity of following a low-fat diet. The nurse develops a list of high-fat foods to avoid and should include which food item on the list? A. Oranges B. Broccoli C. Cream cheese D. Broiled haddock 3. The nurse instructs a client with chronic kidney disease who is receiving hemodialysis about dietary modifications. The nurse determines that the client understands these dietary modifications if the client selects which items from the dietary menu? A. Cream of wheat, blueberries, coffee B. Sausage and eggs, banana, orange juice C. Bacon, cantaloupe melon, tomato juice D. Cured pork grits, strawberries, orange juice 4. The nurse is conducting a dietary assessment on a client who is on a vegan diet. The nurse provides dietary teaching and should focus on foods high in which vitamin that may be lacking in a vegan diet? A. Vitamin A C. Vitamin C B. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin E 5. A client with HTN has been told to maintain a diet low in sodium. The nurse who is teaching this client about foods that are allowed should include which food item in a list provided to the client? A. Tomato soup C. Instant oatmeal B. Boiled shrimp D. Summer squash 6. The nurse is instructing a client with HTN on the importance of choosing foods low in sodium. The nurse should teach the client to limit intake of which food? A. Apples B. Bananas C. Smoked sausage D. Steamed vegetables 7. A client who is recovering from surgery has been advanced from a clear liquid diet to a full liquid diet. The client is looking forward to the diet change because he has been "bored" with the clear liquid diet. The nurse should offer which full liquid item to the client? A. Tea C. Custard B. Gelatin D. Ice pop 8. A client is recovering from abdominal surgery and has a large abdominal wound. The nurse should encourage the client to eat which food item that is naturally high in vitamin C to promote wound healing? A. Milk C. Bananas B. Oranges D. Chicken 9. The nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis of the liver. To minimize the effects of the disorder, the nurse teaches the client about foods that are high in thiamine. The nurse determines that the client has the BEST understanding of the dietary measures to follow if the client states an intention to increase the intake of which food? A. Pork C. Chicken B. Milk D. Broccoli C. 10. A client is beaning weaned from parenteral nutrition and is expected to begin taking solid food today. The ongoing solution rate has been 100 mL/hour. The nurse anticipates that which prescription regarding the PN solution will accompany the diet prescription? A. Discontinue the PN B. Decrease PN rate to 50 mL/hr C. Start 0.9% NS at 25 mL/hr D. Continue current infusion rate prescriptions for PN 11. The nurse is preparing to change the PN solution bag and tubing. The client's central venous line is located in the right subclavian vein. The nurse asks the client to take which ESSENTIAL action during the tubing change? A. Breathe normally B. Turn the head to the right C. Exhale slowly and evenly D. Take a deep breath, hold it, and bear down 12. A client with PN infusing has discontinued the tubing from the central line catheter. The nurse assesses the client and suspects an air embolism. The nurse should IMMEDIATELY place the client in which position? A. On the left side, with the head lower than the feet B. On the left side, with the head higher than the feet C. On the right side, with the head lower than the feet D. On the right side, with the head higher than the feet 13. Which nursing action is essential prior to initiating a new prescription for 500 mL of fat emulsion (lipids) to infuse at 50 mL/hr? A. Ensure that the client does not have diabetes B. Determine whether the client has an allergy to eggs C. Add regular insulin to the fat emulsion, using aseptic technique D. Contact the HCP to have a central line inserted for fat emulsion infusion
NURSES LICENSURE EXAMINATION (NLE) Controlled Copy 2023 Rev. 00 14. A client is receiving PN. The nurse monitors the client for complications of the therapy and should assess the client for which manifestations of hyperglycemia? A. Fever, weak pulse, and thirst B. Nausea, vomiting, and oliguria C. Sweating, chills, and abdominal pain D. Weakness, thirst, and increased urine output 15. The nurse is changing the central line dressing of a client receiving PN and notes that the catheter insertion site appears reddened. The nurse should NEXT assess which item? A. Client's temp B. Expiration date on the bag C. Time of last dressing change D. Tightness of tubing connections 16. The nurse is preparing to hang fat emulsion and notes that fat globules are visible at the top of the solution. The nurse should take which action? A. Rolls the bottle of solution gently B. Obtains a different bottle of solution C. Shakes the bottle of solution vigorously D. Runs the bottle of solution under warm water 17. A client receiving PN suddenly develops a fever. The nurse notifies the HCP, and the HCP initially prescribes that the solution and tubing be changed. What should the nurse do with the discontinued materials? A. Discard them in the unit trash B. Return them to the hospital pharmacy C. Send them to the laboratory for culture D. Save them for return to the manufacturer 18. A client has been discharged to home on PN. With each visit, the home care nurse should assess which parameter MOST closely in monitoring this therapy? A. Pulse and weight B. Temperature and weight C. Pulse and blood pressure D. Temperature and blood pressure 19. The nurse is caring for a group of adult clients on an acute care medical-surgical nursing unit. The nurse understands that which client would be the LEAST likely candidate for PN? A. A 66-year-old client with extensive burns B. A 42-year-old client who has had an open cholecystectomy C. A 27-year-old client with severe exacerbation of Crohn's disease D. A 35-year-old client with persistent nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy 20. The nurse is preparing to hang the first bag of PN solution via the central line of an assigned client. The nurse should obtain which MOST essential piece of equipment before hanging the solution? A. Urine test strips B. Blood glucose meter C. Electronic infusion pump D. Non-invasive blood pressure monitor 21. The nurse is making initial rounds at the beginning of the shift and notes that the parenteral nutrition bag of an assigned client is empty. Which solution readily available on the nursing unit should the nurse hang until another PN solution is mixed and delivered to the nursing unit? A. D5W C. D5LR B. D10W D. D5NS 22. The nurse is monitoring the status of a client's fat emulsion infusion and notes that the infusion is 1 hour behind. Which action should the nurse take? A. Adjust the infusion rate to catch up over the next hour B. Increase the infusion rate to catch up over the next 2 hours C. Ensure that the fat emulsion rate is infusing at the prescribed rate D. Adjust the infusion rate to run wide open until the solution is back on time 23. A client receiving PN in the home setting has a weight gain of 5 lb in 1 week. The nurse should NEXT assess the client for the presence of which condition? A. Thirst B. Polyuria C. Decreased BP D. Crackles on auscultation of the lungs 24. The nurse is caring for a restless client who is beginning nutritional therapy with parenteral nutrition. The nurse should plan to ensure that which action is taken to prevent the client from sustaining injury? A. Calculate daily intake and output B. Monitor the temperature once daily C. Secure all connections in the PN system D. Monitor blood glucose levels every 12 hours 25. A client receiving PN complains of a headache. The nurse notes that the client has an increased BP, bounding pulse, JVD, and crackles bilaterally. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing which complication of PN therapy? A. Sepsis C. Hypervolemia B. Air embolism D. Hyperglycemia 26. The nurse is reviewing lab test results for a 71-year- old patient with metastatic lung cancer. The patient was admitted with a diagnosis of malnutrition. The serum albumin level is 4.0 g/dL, and prealbumin is 10 mg/dL. What should this indicate to the nurse? A. The albumin level is normal, and therefore the patient does not have protein malnutrition B. The albumin level is increased, and therefore the patient does not have protein malnutrition C. Both the serum albumin and prealbumin levels are reduced, consistent with the admitting diagnosis of malnutrition D. Although the serum albumin level is normal, the prealbumin level more accurately reflects the patient’s nutritional status 27. The nurse recognizes that the majority of patients' caloric needs should come from which source? A. Fats B. Proteins C. Polysaccharides D. Monosaccharides