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Developmental Psychology Chapter 01 ⏐ Introduction to Lifespan Development 1. Developmental psychology is also called: A. Lifespan development B. Human development C. Both A and B 2. The scientific study of ways in which people change, as well as stay the same, from conception to death, is called: A. Lifespan development B. Human development C. Developmental psychology D. All of the above 3. At earlier points in the history of the field, it was believed that development was essentially completed around age: A. 13 B. 25 C. 40 D. 65 4. Developmental psychology both influences and is influenced by other fields of study, such as biology and cognitive psychology. A. True B. False 5. The researcher who first articulated key underlying principles of lifespan development is: A. Erik Erikson B. Sigmund Freud C. Paul Baltes D. James Mark Baldwin 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the key underlying principles of lifespan development? A. Development has a definite end point B. Development is multidirectional C. Development is plastic D. Development is multidimensional 7. Development always involves improvement, growth, or progression of skills or functioning. A. True B. False 8. Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary domains in which development occurs? A. Physical B. Cognitive C. Contextual D. Psychosocial 9.Changes in emotion, self-perception, and interpersonal relationships with families, peers, and friends are part of the __________ domain. A. Physical B. Cognitive C. Contextual D. Psychosocial 10.Changes in intelligence, wisdom, perception, problem-solving, memory, and language are part of the ________ domain. A. Physical B. Cognitive C. Contextual D. Psychosocial 11. Changes in height and weight, sensory capabilities, the nervous system, and the propensity for disease and illness are part of the ___________ domain. A. Physical B. Cognitive C. Contextual D. Psychosocial 12. When we say that development is characterized by “plasticity”, we mean that: A. It always occurs in a way that we can see and touch B. It is created by chemicals C. We are capable of change, and many of our characteristics are malleable D. It has many possible uses 13. Beginning kindergarten or going through puberty is an example of a: A. Normative history-graded influence B. Normative age-graded influence C. Non-normative life influence D. Normative culture-determined influence 14. The idea that the time period in which we were born shapes our experiences is consistent with which term? A. Normative history-graded influence B. Normative age-graded influence C. Non-normative life influence D. Normative culture-determined influence 15. Experiencing a life event that’s not typical for our age group, such as losing a parent during our childhood, is an example of a: A. Normative history-graded influence B. Normative age-graded influence C. Non-normative life influence D. Normative culture-determined influence 16. A group of people who were born at roughly the same time in a particular society is called a: A. Cohort B. Clique C. Crowd D. Consort 17. According to your book, someone who was born in 1937 is part of which generation? A. Baby Boomers B. Millennial 1
Developmental Psychology C. Silent D. Generation X 18. According to your book, the aging of the ____________ is one reason why developmental psychology has begun to focus more on the study of adult development. A. Baby Boomers B. Millennial C. Silent D. Generation X 19. _________ is a way to identify families and households based on their shared levels of education, income, and occupation. A. Culture B. Cohort C. Socioeconomic status D. Biostatistics 20. How does socioeconomic status influence development? A. It affects our health and life expectancy B. It influences the degree of control we feel over our lives C. It affects the resources available to us and the environment we live in D. All of the above 21. Living in poverty is associated with: A. Greater fears about losing housing B. Less access to health care C. Working in more dangerous occupations D, All of the above 22. Poverty is determined by a set of thresholds based on family income and: A. The size of the family B. The ages of the people in the family C. The relationships between the people in the family D. The number of children in the family 23. The collective term for the shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior of a group of people is called: A. Race B. Ethnicity C. Culture D. All of the above, because all of these terms mean the same thing 24. The belief that our own culture is superior to other cultures is called: A. Nationalism B. Ethnocentrism C. Patriotism D. Narcissism 25. The culture we grow up in shapes our ideas about: A. Right and wrong B. What to strive for C. What kind of emotions are called for in certain situations D. All of the above 26. We only learn about our culture from our parents. A. True B. False 27. Our culture only affects us during our childhood. A. True B. False 28. Appreciating cultural differences and understanding that cultural practices are best understood from the standpoint of that particular culture is called: A. Ethnodiversity B. Multiculturalism C. Cultural relativity D. Universalism 29. The length of time a species can exist under the most optimal conditions is called: A. Lifespan B. Life expectancy 30. The predicted number of years a person born in a particular time period can reasonably expect to live is called: A. Lifespan B. Life expectancy 31. The longest reported lifespan for a human is about: A. 20 years B. 50 years C. 120 years D. 150 years 32. The number of years since your birth is your: A. Chronological age B. Biological age C. Psychological age D. Social age 33. How quickly the body is aging, including how good our physical functioning is, is called our: A. Chronological age B. Biological age C. Psychological age D. Social age 34. Our cognitive capacity, adaptability, and emotional beliefs about aging are part of our: A. Chronological age B. Biological age C. Psychological age D. Social age 35. The social norms of our culture and the expectations our culture has for people of our age group determine our: A. Chronological age 2
Developmental Psychology B. Biological age C. Psychological age D. Social age 36. Although there are several different ways to think of age, chronological age is the most accurate and complete way of describing someone’s functioning and current state. A. True B. False 37. We don’t need to consider different age groups in the general categories of childhood and adulthood, because everyone classified as a child or adult will function the same way. A. True B. False 38. The transitional time between the end of adolescence and before individuals acquire all the benchmarks of adulthood is called: A. Post-pubescence B. Early adulthood C. Emerging adulthood D. Senescence 39. Someone who is 70 years old would be classified as: A. Young-old B. Middle aged C. Oldest-old D. Emerging 40. The question of whether biological or environmental factors are stronger influences on our development is the debate called: A. Continuity vs. discontinuity B. Nature vs. nurture C. Active vs. passive D. Stability vs. change 41. The question of whether development involves a slow, gradual process or distinct stages is the debate called: A. Continuity vs. discontinuity B. Nature vs. nurture C. Active vs. passive D. Stability vs. change 42. The question of whether humans play an active role in shaping their development or are at the mercy of uncontrollable forces is the debate called: A. Continuity vs. discontinuity B. Nature vs. nurture C. Active vs. passive D. Stability vs. change 43. The question of how much we change over time (and in what ways) is the debate called: A. Continuity vs. discontinuity B. Nature vs. nurture C. Active vs. passive D. Stability vs. change 44. In the nature vs. nurture debate, the ________ side emphasizes the importance of genetic and biological factors in shaping our development. A. Nature B. Nurture 45. In the nature vs. nurture debate, the ________ side emphasizes the importance of environmental factors in shaping our development. A. Nature B. Nurture 46. Stage theories of development are also called: A. Continuous B. Discontinuous 47. When a caterpillar becomes a butterfly, it both looks and, more importantly, functions differently than it did before (i.e., a butterfly isn’t just a big caterpillar). This is an example of _________ development. A. Discontinuous B. Continuous C. Stable D. Quantitative 48. According to your book, Vygotsky believed that adults didn’t possess new skills, but instead had skills that were already present in children, just better developed. This is an example of _________ development. A. Discontinuous B. Continuous C. Stable D. Qualitative 49. The belief that a tiny, fully formed human is implanted in the sperm or egg at conception and then grows in size until birth is called: A. Predeterminism B. Preformationism C. Predestination D. Preternaturalism 50. According to your book, the first theory of development to state that the environment was the primary force in shaping behavior and development was proposed by: A. Locke B. Pavlov C. Skinner D. Bandura 51. Using the term “tabula rasa” (your book spells it wrong) to refer to a child’s mind means that the child comes into the world like a(n): A. Empty vessel B. Little voice 3
Developmental Psychology C. Unchained melody D. Blank slate 52. Why did Locke consider the environment to be a particularly strong influence during our early life? A. Because that’s when we have the most contact with our parents B. Because we will automatically behave the way our early experiences tell us to C. Because that’s when the mind is most pliable D. Trick question! Locke considered the environment to have the same amount of influence throughout our life 53. What is the most important way that Locke’s theory differs from preformationism and the theories of Rousseau and Gesell? A. Locke’s theory places more importance on environmental influences as opposed to predetermined biological factors B. Locke’s theory is a lifespan theory, but the others just focus on childhood C. Locke’s theory laid the groundwork for other theories of development, but the others don’t D. Locke performed many scientific experiments to test his theory, but the others weren’t tested this way 54. ________ used the term “maturation” to describe a genetically activated process of development. A. Rousseau B. Gesell C. Piaget D. Montessori 55. How would Gesell most likely feel about things like trying to teach infants to read using flash cards? A. He’d support it because he thought the brain was most receptive to new information in infancy B. He’d support it because he believed in pushing infants and young children to achieve milestones as early as possible C. He’d disapprove of it because he thought it best to wait until children’s nervous systems had sufficiently matured and not try to teach them things ahead of schedule D. He’d disapprove of it because he didn’t think children needed formal instruction in reading 56. Rousseau believed that when it came to education: A. Adults should push children to achieve educational milestones as soon as possible B. Children should not be taught “the right way to think”, and that their inner biological timetable would help them learn naturally C. Systematic rewards and punishments would help children learn better D. Children came into the world as blank slates and needed lots of instruction to help them learn 57) According to Freud, we come into the world as __________ beings but have to learn to become ___________ beings during childhood. A. Social, biological B. Social, cognitive C. Biological, cognitive D. Biological, social 58. Which of the following statements about Freud’s theory of development is FALSE? A. He believed that early experiences were important for shaping our personality B. It has been thoroughly tested scientifically and found to be valid C. He believed that an important part of development was learning how to transform biological instincts into socially appropriate behaviors D. He believed that interactions with parents and other caregivers had long-lasting effects on children’s emotional states 59. Erikson proposed that each period of life has a unique challenge that the person who reaches it must face. This task is called a(n): A. Psychosocial crisis B. Psychogenic fugue C. Psychosexual crisis D. Nonnormative life event 60. How is Erikson’s theory of development different from Freud’s? A. Less emphasis on sexuality and more emphasis on social interactions B. More emphasis on lifespan development instead of just focusing on childhood C. Less controversial D. All of the above 61. According to Erikson’s theory, successful development involves: A. Dealing with and resolving the goals and demands of psychosocial crises in a positive way B. Transforming biological instincts into socially appropriate behaviors C. Allowing our genetically preprogrammed timetable to unfold naturally D. Learning to reason logically 62. According to Erikson’s theory, how we resolve one crisis has no effect on how we resolve other crises in the future. A. True B. False 63. According to Erikson’s theory, we learn to do things well or correctly according to others’ standards while resolving which crisis? A. Initiative vs. guilt B. Identity vs. role confusion C. Industry vs. inferiority D. Intimacy vs. isolation 4