Tiêu đề CH 18_Pollution_of_Air_and_Water Outdated.pdf ✅

SCIENCE Chapter 18: Pollution of Air and Water

(2) POLLUTION OF AIR AND WATER 18 Reduced air pollution • Using more and more public transport. • Avoid the use of crackers. • Using energy-efficient light bulbs and appliances. • Use of CNG • Using solar energy, hydro, and wind energy instead of fossil fuels might assist a lot. • Say no to plastic bags. • Turn off the lights when they are not in use. • Carpets and furniture are the major causes of indoor air pollution. • The Indian government has taken initiatives to combat air pollution. Pollution under control (PUC) certification is given to gasoline-powered vehicles that are tested for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Water Pollution • The contamination of water sources such as rivers, lakes, oceans and groundwater with unwanted and harmful substances is called water pollution. Sources of water pollution o Household detergents, sewage, industrial waste, domestic waste, oil spills, fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides. Major water pollutants o Sewage, fertilisers, pesticides and industrial wastes.
(3) POLLUTION OF AIR AND WATER 18 Effects of water pollution o Brain and nerve damage, cholera, dysentery, jaundice, typhoid, diarrhoea, malaria, dengue, fever and yellow fever, intestinal parasitism leading to anaemia and weakness, skin disorders and cancer, kidney and liver damage, diarrhoea in children, methaemoglobinemia, respiratory diseases and lung cancer, oil spills, eutrophication and biomagnification. Measures to control water pollution o Sewage, industrial and domestic waste should be treated in order to make them harmless. o Use of chemical pesticides must be minimised. o Washing utensils, clothes and bathing cattle in water bodies must be avoided. o Garbage and other domestic waste should not be thrown in water bodies. o Leakage in drainage pipes must be repaired. o Laws should be formulated to control water pollution. Conservation of Water