Tiêu đề July 2025 Monthly Editorial Mains Q&A Compilation.pdf ✅

2 POLITY AND GOVERNANCE Link: https://www.business-standard.com/opinion/columns/digital-decade-india-journey-from-inclusion-to-tech- innovation-125070101560_1.html 1. India’s digital transformation has evolved from a tool for governance to a platform for global leadership. Discuss in the context of Digital Public Infrastructure. (10 Marks, 150 words) Core Demand of the Question • Evolution of India’s digital transformation from a tool for governance to a platform for global leadership in DPI Answer: India’s digital transformation, propelled by the Digital India initiative launched in 2015, began as a government- driven effort to enhance governance through key programs like Aadhaar, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT). Today, this robust Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) has grown into a platform for global leadership, with India exporting its technology solutions and best practices to developing countries, promoting digital inclusion and fostering innovation worldwide. Evolution of DPI from a Tool for Governance to a Platform for Global Leadership • India Stack as a Global Model: Modular layers like Aadhaar, UPI, and DigiLocker are being adopted internationally. Eg: Countries like the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Morocco are in talks to replicate India Stack. • India as a DPI Exporter: India now offers DPI support to developing countries via digital capacity building. Eg: India supports the Global South with solutions via MEA’s IndiaStackGlobal initiative. • Digital Public Goods Alliance (DPGA): India contributes open-source tech to global platforms for SDG implementation. Eg: CoWIN and DIKSHA were offered as open tech solutions for health and education globally. • G20 Leadership on DPI: India’s G20 presidency pushed the Global DPI Repository to share best practices. Eg: Global DPI Summit in 2023 positioned India as a leader in open digital systems. • IMF and World Bank Endorsements: Global institutions now study India’s DPI for replication in low-income countries. Eg: IMF paper (2023) praised India’s DPI as “a model for inclusive innovation.” • Unified Payments Interface (UPI): Introduced in 2016, UPI offers seamless money transfers across multiple banks and platforms. Eg: UPI is now accepted for international transactions in seven countries—UAE, Singapore, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, France, and Mauritius—demonstrating India’s growing global digital payment influence. • Aadhaar(World's Largest Biometric ID System): Aadhaar, launched in 2009, has issued over 1.38 billion unique IDs, enabling efficient direct benefit transfers and fraud reduction. Eg: Countries like the Philippines have adopted similar biometric ID systems using India’s open-source platform, MOSIP, benefiting over 95 million citizens.