Tiêu đề 26 Respiratory LMV 5.1.pdf ✅

1 | P a g e [ R e s p i r a t o r y ] © Copyright www.plab1keys.com (Constantly updated for online subscribers) Copyrights @ Plab1Keys.com Respiratory Version 5.1 Corrected, Updated, Lighter PLAB 1 Keys is for PLAB-1 and UKMLA-AKT (Based on the New MLA Content-Map) With the Most Recent Recalls and the UK Guidelines ATTENTION: This file will be updated online on our website frequently! (example: Version 2.1 is more recent than Version 2, and so on) Key 1 Bronchiectasis ◙ Bronchiectasis → a permanent dilatation of the airways secondary to chronic infection or inflammation ◙ Most common organisms isolated from patients with bronchiectasis: √ Haemophilus influenzae (most common) Plab1keys.com Strict Copyrights! No Sharing or Copying Allowed by any means Compensations and Penalties Worldwide System is Active
2 | P a g e [ R e s p i r a t o r y ] © Copyright www.plab1keys.com (Constantly updated for online subscribers) Copyrights @ Plab1Keys.com √ Pseudomonas aeruginosa √ Klebsiella spp. √ Streptococcus pneumoniae ◙ Main Features: Chronic Persistent Cough (+) Copious Excessive Sputum (+) Recurrent respiratory tract infections (±) Others: weight loss, clubbing, dullness, crackles. Suspect → Bronchiectasis “Irreversible dilatation of small and medium sized bronchi” ◙ Other features that may present in a stem: √ Chest X-ray may show Tramlines “cysts/ ring opacities” “Chest X-ray is often normal” √ Clubbing “drumstick-shaped fingers”: not always present, not specific.
3 | P a g e [ R e s p i r a t o r y ] © Copyright www.plab1keys.com (Constantly updated for online subscribers) Copyrights @ Plab1Keys.com Note that chest X-ray may be normal. Note that chronic cough may cause hemoptysis. ◙ To confirm the Dx → High resolution CT scan (HRCT). “Important. The goldstandard” HRCT of bronchiectasis showing → bronchial dilatation and wall thickening with ground glass opacities.
4 | P a g e [ R e s p i r a t o r y ] © Copyright www.plab1keys.com (Constantly updated for online subscribers) Copyrights @ Plab1Keys.com ◙ What are the signs and symptoms of bronchiectasis? √ chronic daily cough. √ coughing up large amounts of thick mucus every day. √ coughing up blood (1/3 of patients). √ weight loss. √ shortness of breath. √ chest pain. √ fatigue. √ crackles, rhonchi, wheezing, and inspiratory squeaks may be heard upon auscultation. √ General findings may include digital clubbing, cyanosis, plethora, wasting, and weight loss. √ Chest X-ray → Tramlines “cysts/ ring opacities” OR Normal. √ Percussion → Dullness.