Tiêu đề COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY .pdf ✅

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS https://t.me/upscpsychology PSYCHE-SIMPLIFIED WWW.PSYCHESIMPLIFIED.COM  Flexibility and Adaptability: Small groups can quickly adapt their strategies and tactics based on changing circumstances. They are less bound by bureaucracy and can respond more readily to community needs.  Building Relationships: Small groups create a space for members to build trust and relationships with one another. This sense of community fosters a willingness to share, learn, and support each other in the face of challenges. Conclusion Small groups are the backbone of social change. By leveraging shared identity, fostering collaboration, and empowering individuals, they offer a powerful and effective means to address social problems. From historic social movements to local community initiatives, small groups have consistently played a crucial role in creating a more just and equitable world. 2. Explain the psychosocial factors and myths that demotivate people from following small family norms. Suggest relevant motivational strategies in this context. (B/8b/2012/20) Ans. The concept of a "small family" can be a personal and culturally influenced decision. While environmental and economic factors play a role, psychosocial factors and myths often act as significant deterrents. Let's delve deeper, using theory to understand the "why not" and explore motivational strategies to empower people towards smaller families, if that aligns with their goals. Psychosocial Barriers Explained Through Theory  Social Learning Theory (SLT): People learn behaviors and attitudes by observing others, particularly those they perceive as influential (parents, community leaders) [1]. In cultures that emphasize larger families, social norms become ingrained, potentially leading individuals to feel pressure to conform.  Attachment Theory: Early childhood experiences with caregivers shape our attachment styles (secure, anxious, avoidant) and our desire for connection [2]. Those with a strong desire for secure attachment might be drawn to the idea of a larger, supportive family unit.  Resource Theory: Individuals make choices based on a perceived balance between the costs (financial, emotional) and benefits (fulfillment, legacy) associated with having children [3]. Economic anxieties and concerns about affording a good life for more children can be a significant barrier. Myths Debunked:  Myth Busters: Challenge the myth that smaller families are selfish by highlighting environmental benefits (reduced carbon footprint) and the potential for increased financial resources dedicated to each child's education or extracurricular activities. Examples: Promote the concept of "Quality Time over Quantity Time." Research suggests that focused interactions with each child are more impactful than simply having more children. Motivational Strategies Rooted in Theory
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS https://t.me/upscpsychology PSYCHE-SIMPLIFIED WWW.PSYCHESIMPLIFIED.COM  Social Marketing: Utilize social marketing campaigns showcasing happy, successful smaller families from diverse backgrounds. This approach leverages SLT by providing positive role models that can challenge societal norms [5].  Addressing Resource Concerns: Partner with financial advisors to develop budgeting resources specifically tailored to smaller families. This addresses the concerns highlighted by Resource Theory.  Community Building: Create online communities or local support groups for smaller families. This fosters a sense of belonging and combats feelings of isolation that might arise due to social pressure. Attachment Theory suggests that fostering a sense of community can fulfill the desire for connection. Conclusion By understanding the psychosocial factors and myths that discourage smaller families, we can develop targeted motivational strategies based on relevant theories. Highlighting the benefits, addressing concerns, and fostering supportive communities are crucial steps to empowering individuals to make informed choices about family size, aligned with their personal values and goals. 3. Discuss the steps that can be taken to improve the quality of group decision making. (A/1d/2013/10) Ans. Group decision-making can be a double-edged sword. While it fosters diverse perspectives and collaboration, it can also be susceptible to biases and inefficient processes. Here, we'll explore key steps to improve group decision-making, along with relevant theories to understand why these steps work. Step 1: Define the roal & Assemble the Right Team (Social Identity Theory & Prospect Theory)  Social Identity Theory: People derive self-worth from the groups they belong to [1]. A clearly defined goal creates a shared identity for the group, motivating members to work towards a common objective.  Prospect Theory: Individuals are more risk-averse when faced with potential losses, and more likely to take risks when presented with potential gains [2]. Assembling a team with diverse expertise offers a wider range of perspectives, potentially leading to more creative and well- rounded solutions that consider both risks and rewards. Step 2: Prepare Information & Establish rround Rules (Social Exchange Theory & Elaboration Likelihood Model)  Social Exchange Theory: Individuals participate in social interactions based on a perceived cost-benefit analysis [3]. Providing information beforehand reduces the cost of participation (time spent getting up to speed) and increases the perceived benefit (informed contribution).  Elaboration Likelihood Model: People process information through two main routes – central (deep processing) and peripheral (superficial processing) [4]. Ground rules that encourage active listening and respectful communication create a safe space for deeper processing of information, leading to more thoughtful and well-reasoned decisions. Step 3: Utilize Techniques & Open Discussion (rroupthink & Elaboration Likelihood Model)