Tiêu đề Gk All in one notes by Avishek Adhikari.pdf ✅

Gk by Avishek Adhikari a|Xdf08 M kl/ro xfd|f] a|Xdf08 /x:ox?n] el/k"0f{ /x]s]f 5 . ljleGg u|x tyf pku|xx? cfkm u'?Tjan sf] k|efjn] cGtl/Ifdf cl8Psf 5g cGtl/Ifsf]sfnf]cGwsf/leq cem }lj1fg / dfgj vf]hsf ;fd'b]vfk/]sf 5g } g lazfn 5 , o;sf] ;'?jflt ljGb' sxfF 5, nfvf}F s/f]8f}F rDsLnf tf/fx? x'Fbf klg lsg cGwsf/n] el/Kf"0f{ 5 h:tf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ cem} klg j}1flgsx?n] oyfy{sf ;fy eGg ;s]sf 5}gg j}1flgsx?n] cfkm cGof]n g} 5g wf/0ffx? kfOG5g cGtl/Ifdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ tf/fd08n, tf/fk'`h, tf/f, u|x,pku|x,km'Rr]u|x, gIfq, lgxfl/sf, w'ds]t', lzz'u|x, UofF;Lo 8Nnfx?, ljB'lto rfh{o ;+:s[tdf v eg]sf] cfsfz eGg] a'lemG5 . cfsfznfO{ uf]nfsf/ O+lst ul/Psf] x'gfn] ;dli6df vuf]n elgPsf] eGg] a'lemG5 . o;/L k'/ftg ;dob]vL g} a|Xdf08nfO{ ljleGg gfd tyf pkgfdn] k'sf/ ul/Psf] kfOG5 . of] a|Xdf08 cyfx Eff}lts lj1fgsf lktf cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg n] eg]sf lyP, of] a|Xdf08 z'Goaf6 ;'? ePsf] xf] / Pslbg z'Go d} uP/ lanfpg]5 . a|Xdf08 ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ zf:qnfO{ ;[li6zf:q elgG5 . Gk by Avishek Adhikari !=! a|Xdf08 ;DAfGwL hfgsf/L a|Xdf08 M kl/ro xfd|f] a|Xdf08 /x:ox?n] el/k"0f{ /x]s]f 5 . ljleGg u|x tyf pku|xx? cfkm u'?Tjan sf] k|efjn] cGtl/Ifdf cl8Psf 5g cGtl/Ifsf]sfnf]cGwsf/leq cem }lj1fg / dfgj vf]hsf ;fd'b]vfk/]sf 5g } g lazfn 5 , o;sf] ;'?jflt ljGb' sxfF 5, nfvf}F s/f]8f}F rDsLnf tf/fx? x'Fbf klg lsg cGwsf/n] el/Kf"0f{ 5 h:tf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ cem} klg j}1flgsx?n] oyfy{sf ;fy eGg ;s]sf 5}gg j}1flgsx?n] cfkm\gf ljleGGf wf/f0ff cl3 ;f/]sf 5g cGof]n g} 5g\ . ljleGg wd{u|Gy, bz{g tyf syfx?df a|Xdf08sf] pQklQ ;DaGwL /f]rs /f]rs wf/0ffx? kfOG5g\ . cGtl/Ifdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ tf/fd08n, tf/fk'`h, tf/f, u|x,pku|x,km'Rr]u|x, gIfq, lgxfl/sf, w'ds]t', lzz'u|x, UofF;Lo 8Nnfx?, ljB'lto rfh{o ;+:s[tdf v eg]sf] cfsfz eGg] a'lemG5 . cfsfznfO{ uf]nfsf/ O+lst ul/Psf] x'gfn] ;dli6df vuf]n elgPsf] eGg] a'lemG5 . o;/L k'/ftg ;dob]vL g} a|Xdf08nfO{ ljleGg gfd tyf pkgfdn] k'sf/ ul/Psf] kfOG5 . of] a|Xdf08 cyfx, clglZrt / /x:ox?n] el/k"0f{ /x]s]f 5 . Eff}lts lj1fgsf lktf cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg n] eg]sf lyP, of] a|Xdf08 z'Goaf6 ;'? ePsf] xf] / Pslbg z'Go d} uP/ lanfpg]5 . a|Xdf08 ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ zf:qnfO{ ;[li6zf:q elgG5 . Gk by Avishek Adhikari a|Xdf08 ;DAfGwL hfgsf/L xfd|f] a|Xdf08 /x:ox?n] el/k"0f{ /x]s]f 5 . ljleGg u|x tyf pku|xx? cfkm u'?Tjan sf] k|efjn] cGtl/Ifdf cl8Psf 5g\ . xfd|f] ;f}o{d08n h:tf sof}F ;f}o{d08nx? cGtl/Ifsf]sfnf]cGwsf/leq cem }lj1fg / dfgj vf]hsf ;fd'b]vfk/]sf 5g } g lazfn 5 , o;sf] ;'?jflt ljGb' sxfF 5, nfvf}F s/f]8f}F rDsLnf tf/fx? x'Fbf klg lsg cGwsf/n] el/Kf"0f{ 5 h:tf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ cem} klg j}1flgsx?n] oyfy{sf ;fy eGg ;s]sf 5}gg gf ljleGGf wf/f0ff cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ . ljleGg wd{u|Gy, bz{g tyf syfx?df a|Xdf08sf] pQklQ ;DaGwL /f]rs /f]rs cGtl/Ifdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ tf/fd08n, tf/fk'`h, tf/f, u|x,pku|x,km'Rr]u|x, gIfq, lgxfl/sf, w'ds]t', lzz'u|x, UofF;Lo 8Nnfx?, ljB'lto rfh{o'Qm Kf/df0f'x?sf] ;dli6nfO{ a|Xdf08 elgG5 ;+:s[tdf v eg]sf] cfsfz eGg] a'lemG5 . cfsfznfO{ uf]nfsf/ O+lst ul/Psf] x'gfn] ;dli6df vuf]n elgPsf] eGg] a'lemG5 . o;/L k'/ftg ;dob]vL g} a|Xdf08nfO{ ljleGg gfd tyf pkgfdn] , clglZrt / /x:ox?n] el/k"0f{ /x]s]f 5 . Eff}lts lj1fgsf lktf cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg n] eg]sf lyP, of] a|Xdf08 z'Goaf6 ;'? ePsf] xf] / Pslbg z'Go d} uP/ lanfpg]5 . a|Xdf08 ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ zf:qnfO{ ;[li6zf:q elgG5 . Gk by Avishek Adhikari a|Xdf08 ;DAfGwL hfgsf/L Avishek Adhikari xfd|f] a|Xdf08 /x:ox?n] el/k"0f{ /x]s]f 5 . ljleGg u|x tyf pku|xx? cfkm . xfd|f] ;f}o{d08n h:tf sof}F ;f}o{d08nx? cGtl/Ifsf]sfnf]cGwsf/leq cem }lj1fg / dfgj vf]hsf ;fd'b]vfk/]sf 5g } g lazfn 5 , o;sf] ;'?jflt ljGb' sxfF 5, nfvf}F s/f]8f}F rDsLnf tf/fx? x'Fbf klg lsg cGwsf/n] el/Kf"0f{ 5 h:tf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ cem} klg j}1flgsx?n] oyfy{sf ;fy eGg ;s]sf 5}gg gf ljleGGf wf/f0ff cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\h'g tYosf glhs ePtfkl . ljleGg wd{u|Gy, bz{g tyf syfx?df a|Xdf08sf] pQklQ ;DaGwL /f]rs /f]rs cGtl/Ifdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ tf/fd08n, tf/fk'`h, tf/f, u|x,pku|x,km'Rr]u|x, gIfq, lgxfl/sf, w'ds]t', x?sf] ;dli6nfO{ a|Xdf08 elgG5 ;+:s[tdf v eg]sf] cfsfz eGg] a'lemG5 . cfsfznfO{ uf]nfsf/ O+lst ul/Psf] x'gfn] ;dli6df vuf]n elgPsf] eGg] a'lemG5 . o;/L k'/ftg ;dob]vL g} a|Xdf08nfO{ ljleGg gfd tyf pkgfdn] , clglZrt / /x:ox?n] el/k"0f{ /x]s]f 5 . Eff}lts lj1fgsf lktf cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg n] eg]sf lyP, of] a|Xdf08 z'Goaf6 ;'? ePsf] xf] / a|Xdf08 ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ zf:qnfO{ ;[li6zf:q elgG5 . Gk by Avishek Adhikari a|Xdf08 ;DAfGwL hfgsf/L Avishek Adhikari - cleif]s clwsf/L xfd|f] a|Xdf08 /x:ox?n] el/k"0f{ /x]s]f 5 . ljleGg u|x tyf pku|xx? cfkm\g} lgod agfP/ . xfd|f] ;f}o{d08n h:tf sof}F ;f}o{d08nx? cGtl/Ifsf]sfnf]cGwsf/leq cem }lj1fg / dfgj vf]hsf ;fd'b]vfk/]sf 5g } g\ . of] a|Xdf08 slt lazfn 5 , o;sf] ;'?jflt ljGb' sxfF 5, nfvf}F s/f]8f}F rDsLnf tf/fx? x'Fbf klg lsg cGwsf/n] el/Kf"0f{ 5 h:tf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ cem} klg j}1flgsx?n] oyfy{sf ;fy eGg ;s]sf 5}gg\. ljleGg h'g tYosf glhs ePtfklg ;Totfsf] 3]/fdf . ljleGg wd{u|Gy, bz{g tyf syfx?df a|Xdf08sf] pQklQ ;DaGwL /f]rs /f]rs cGtl/Ifdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ tf/fd08n, tf/fk'`h, tf/f, u|x,pku|x,km'Rr]u|x, gIfq, lgxfl/sf, w'ds]t', x?sf] ;dli6nfO{ a|Xdf08 elgG5 ;+:s[tdf v eg]sf] cfsfz eGg] a'lemG5 . cfsfznfO{ uf]nfsf/ O+lst ul/Psf] x'gfn] ;dli6df vuf]n elgPsf] eGg] a'lemG5 . o;/L k'/ftg ;dob]vL g} a|Xdf08nfO{ ljleGg gfd tyf pkgfdn] Eff}lts lj1fgsf lktf cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg n] eg]sf lyP, of] a|Xdf08 z'Goaf6 ;'? ePsf] xf] / Gk by Avishek Adhikari 1 cleif]s clwsf/L g} lgod agfP/ . xfd|f] ;f}o{d08n h:tf sof}F ;f}o{d08nx? slt lazfn 5 , o;sf] ;'?jflt ljGb' sxfF 5, nfvf}F s/f]8f}F rDsLnf tf/fx? x'Fbf klg lsg cGwsf/n] . ljleGg g ;Totfsf] 3]/fdf . ljleGg wd{u|Gy, bz{g tyf syfx?df a|Xdf08sf] pQklQ ;DaGwL /f]rs /f]rs cGtl/Ifdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ tf/fd08n, tf/fk'`h, tf/f, u|x,pku|x,km'Rr]u|x, gIfq, lgxfl/sf, w'ds]t', ;+:s[tdf v eg]sf] cfsfz eGg] a'lemG5 . cfsfznfO{ uf]nfsf/ O+lst ul/Psf] x'gfn] ;dli6df vuf]n elgPsf] eGg] a'lemG5 . o;/L k'/ftg ;dob]vL g} a|Xdf08nfO{ ljleGg gfd tyf pkgfdn] Eff}lts lj1fgsf lktf cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg n] eg]sf lyP, of] a|Xdf08 z'Goaf6 ;'? ePsf] xf] /

Gk by Avishek Adhikari Gk by Avishek Adhikari 3 of] l;4fGt cNa6{ cfOG;6fOgsf] Equation of general relativity ;Fu ;DaGwLt /x]sf] x'gfn] o; l;4fGtsf] ?k/]vf tof/ kfg]{ j}1flgs eg]/ cNa6{ cfOG;6fOgnfO{ lrlgG5 . o; l;4fGtsf] cg';f/ a|Xdf08sf] pQklt cfheGbf sl/a !$ ca{ aif{ klxnf dxflj:kmf]6sf] sf/0f ePsf] xf] . 3.Cosmic microwave background radiation o; l;4fGtnfO{ cd]l/sfsf b'O{ vuf]nljb\Arno panias / Robert wilson n] ;g\ !(^$ df k|ltkfbg u/]sf x'g\ . a|Xdf08sf] pTklQ ;DaGwdf k|ltkflbt ;a}eGbf sfG5f] cjwf/0ff eg]/ lrlgG5 . o; l;4fGtn] dxflj:kmf]6s l;4fGtsf wf/0ffx?nfO{ kl/:s[t u/]sf] 5 . s]lx dxTjk"0f{ hfgsf/L M – Cremption 22 : ;g\ @)!! l8;]Da/ df gf;fn] kQf nufPsf] gofF u|x – Pluto : ;g\ !(#) df od u|xnfO{ gjf}F u|xsf] ?kdf :yflkt ul/Psf] lyof] t/ nfdf] b'/L to u/]/ ;f}o{d08nsf] kl/qmdf ug]{ ;fy} lgoldt ?kdf b]Vg g;lsg] ePsf] x'gfn] o; u|xnfO{ ;g\ @))^ cu:6 @^ / @& ut] cGt/fli6«o vuf]n ;+3 sf] k|fudf a;]sf] a}7sn] u|xsf] ;"rLaf6 x6fP/ km'Rr] u|xdf /fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]lx lg0f{o cg';f/ ;g\ @))^ ;]K6]Da/ ! df od u|x -Kn'6f]_ nfO{ u|xsf] ;"rLaf6 x6fOof] . – Astronomical unit : cGtl/If lk08x?sf] b'/L dfkg ug{sf nfuL k|of]u u/Lg] PsfO{ nfO{ Astronomical unit elgG5 . 1Au eGgfn] !$ s/f]8 (% nfv (& xhf/ * ;o &) ls=ld x'G5 . t/ Pp6f k|rng 5 h;df ;"o{ / k[YjL larsf] b'/LnfO{ 1Au elgG5 t/ jf:tjdf ;"o{ / k[YjL larsf] b'/L !$ s/f]8 ** nfv ls=ld dfq /x]sf] 5 . – Nano second : cGtl/Ifdf ;do dfkg ug{sf nfuL o; PsfO{sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . !) ;]s]08 a/fa/ ! Gofgf] ;]s]08 x'G5 . gf]6 M oxfF !) ;]s]08 eGgfn] k[YjLdf x'g] ;fdfGo ;]s]08 xf] . – ;"o{sf] k|sz k[YaL;Dd cfOk'Ug * ldg]6 @) ;]s]08 nfUb5 eg] rGb|df sf] k|sz k[YaLdf cfOk'Ug !=# ldg]6 nfUb\5 .