Tiêu đề W1D1 Text GEOLOGY & ITS PERSPECTIVE (Petrology).pdf ✅

UG: Massive Open Online Courses Subject: Geology Paper: Petrology Course Coordinator: Prof. Harel Thomas Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (A Central University), M.P. Course Title: Petrology OBJECTIVE To study the perspective of geology and discover the various scope of geology. INTRODUCTION Geology includes all the sciences (geology, geophysics, and geochemistry) that study the Petrology, structure, evolution and dynamics of the planet Earth and its natural mineral and energy resources. Geosciences investigates the processes that have shaped the Earth through its 4.6 billion year history and uses the rock record to unravel that history - it is concerned with the real world beyond the laboratory and has direct relevance to the needs of society. Modern geology is founded on plate tectonic theory which states that the outer part of the Earth (the lithosphere) is composed of a series of interlocking plates in relative motion. All geological processes such as mountain building, earthquake and volcanic activity are directly or indirectly related to the motions of the plates. Geology thus started interdisciplinary science because the range of topics, the range of subject, and the range of processes that man studied for the sake of better understanding of thinks that are happening around us and surface of the earth and think that are underneath its face affecting his life style on the surface of the earth. That one has to know physical, chemical and Biological aspect of it. So a single subject of geology is formed which are a very nice integration, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Astronomy and the mother science Mathematics. It may not be place to mention here that one of the principle doctrines of Geological investigation is low of 'Uniformiturianism' propounded by a physician in Scotland in late 1700 Sir James Hutton one way stating this low of Uniformiturianism may be like this. Similar processes operating under similar circumstances produces similar result if we the statically word then we put a modified that there is a high probability that similar processes operating under similar condition with produce similar result. This is the Basic of all scientific Week : 1 Day : 1 Topic Name : GEOLOGY & ITS PERSPECTIVE

UG: Massive Open Online Courses Subject: Geology Paper: Petrology Course Coordinator: Prof. Harel Thomas Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (A Central University), M.P. boundaries; and geologic mapping, the superimposing of geologic information upon existing topographic maps. Historical geologists divide all time since the formation of the earliest known rocks (c4 billion years ago) into four major divisions—Precambrian time and the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. Each, except the Cenozoic, ended with profound changes in the disposition of the earth's continents and mountains and was characterized by the emergence of new forms of life (see geologic timescale). Broad cyclical patterns, which run through all historical geology, include a period of mountain and continent building followed by one of erosion and, in turn, by a new period of elevation. Broadly stratigraphy deals with the succession of geologic events and / or rock layers from the beginning of the crustal formation up to the present time. It aims at establishing and describing the correct order of superposition of rock-units on the earth's surface. Thus, it actually establishes the correct succession of rock formations / layers. It thereby unfolds the history of geological events on the earth from the geologic past to the present time and hence it is also referred to as historical geology as a synonym. Palaeontology It deals with the morphologic characteristics, modes of preservation, taxonomic classification, and geological history of the ancient lives - both invertebrates, vertebrates and of plants. Fossils are remains of geologically very old and ancient lives in form of entire body or hard parts, which are calcified, and / or silicified (petrified) in form of moulds and casts or as traces of remains / relics which are preserved in various modes within sedimentary strata. Fossilization is a natural process. Fossils have important uses in the fields of bio- stratigraphic correlation, palaeoclimatic interpretation, top and bottom criteria for correct stratigraphic interpretation, polaeogeographic reconstruction and economic geology field for their different utilitarian aspects.