Tiêu đề 18. INTRODUCTION TO DRUG INFORMATION RESOURCES AVAILABLE.pdf ✅

PHARMD GURU Page 2 3) Keep up with new developments in pathophysiology, diagnostic agents, and therapeutic regimens d. Distinguish useful from useless or even harmful therapy. 4) Enhance communication with other healthcare professionals and consumers. 5) Obtain continuing education credits. 6) Share opinions with other healthcare professionals through letters to the editor. 7) Prepare for the board certification examination in pharmacotherapy, nutrition support, oncology, etc. DISADVANTAGES:  May not lead one to best decision because of limited scope.  Data can be poor or controversial.  Every study has limitations.  Too complex for patients. Although publication of an article in a well -known, respected journal enhances the credibility of information contained in an article, this does not guarantee that the article is accurate. Many articles possess inadequacies that become apparent as the ability to evaluate drug information improves. SECONDARY RESOURCES:  Abstract or index which summarizes the information arising in primary source.  Indexing and abstracting services are valuable tools for quick and selective screening of the primary literature for specific information, data, citation, and articles.  Three types of abstracts: 1) Telegraphic abstract (only string of words). 2) Indicative abstract (structured in sentence). 3) Informative abstract.  Bibliographic databases that provide abstracts or full-text of studies. ADVANTAGES: Can construct searches to find specific information at high granularity.
PHARMD GURU Page 3 DISADVANTAGES:  Often require more expertise to use than primary or tertiary resources.  Retrieved references must be filtered for quality.  Must track down resources before looking for answers.  Too complex for patients.  Generally interpretations of a study and may be a misinterpretation of important information. Pharmacists should obtain and evaluate the original article because abstracts may not include enough information to critically evaluate the study. TERTIARY RESOURCES: Compilations of knowledge in the field. Ex: Textbooks, handbooks, Online drug compendia Good for background questions Scope is broad. ADVANTAGES:  Provide comprehensive information.  Information reflects views of multiple experts in field.  Fast, easy to use, and may be good for patients. DISADVANTAGES:  Usually at least 2 years out of date by publication.  High dependency on interpretation of authors.  Pharmacists can address this by consulting at least 2 tertiary resources. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN EXAMINING AND USING TEXTBOOKS: 1) The author, publisher, or both: What are the author's and publisher's areas of expertise? 2) The year of publication (copyright date) or last revision date? 3) The edition of the text: Is it the most current edition? 4) The presence of a bibliography: I f a bibliography is included, are important statements accurately referenced? When were the references published? 5) The scope of the textbook or database: How accessible is the information?
PHARMD GURU Page 4 6) Alternative resources that are available (e.g. , primary and secondary sources, other relevant texts). OTHER SOURCES: 1) Libraries. 2) Research associations. 3) Government bodies. 4) Information Centre in industries. 5) Analyst labs. 6) Poison centers. INTERNET AS DRUG INFORMATION SOURCE BENEFITS:  Search for recently published or discussed in the media  Company specific information  Issues currently in the news  Government agencies news. LIMITATIONS:  Information may not be peer reviewed or edited before release  Information not reliable  Must have an address (URL) AVAILABLE RESOURCES: FOR DRUGS MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES, THE FOLLOWING RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE:  The American Drug Index, updated annually.  Drug Facts and Comparisons, updated monthly and bound annually/Facts and Comparison 4.0 (online).  Drug Topics Red Book, periodically supplemented and updated annually.  Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), updated annually.  American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information, supplemented quarterly and updated annually.  Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, updated every 3 years.