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04 ANIMALS | WS 01 Name: _____________________ Date: _______________ Read the passage on flightless birds carefully and answer the questions When you hear the word bird I bet one of the first things you think of is flying. But did you know there are almost 40 different birds that can't fly? Most scientists believe flightless birds had ancestors that did fly. However, over time they developed alternatives to flying. Penguins, with wings more like flippers, are fast swimmers. And long-legged ostriches, are fast runners. Some birds may have become flightless because they live on islands or other places where they have few predators. New Zealand, for example, has more flightless birds than any other country. Six are different kinds of penguins. New Zealand also is home to the small kiwi, two kinds of non-flying ducks and the heaviest parrot in the world, the endangered kakapo. Near New Zealand is Australia, a country that has two other famous flightless birds. These are the large and fast running emus and cassowaries. What is the largest living flightless bird? If you said ostrich, you're right. In fact, the ostrich is the largest living bird, flightless or not. Some even weigh over 300 pounds. But ostriches live in Africa, where lions, leopards, cheetahs and hyenas live, so how do they survive? Well, ostriches can run over 40 miles an hour, faster than any other bird and most other animals, as well. They also have long, sharp claws on feet that kick with tremendous strength. Ostriches are ratites. Ratites are birds with a reduced keel or no keel at all on their breastbone. The keel part of the breastbone is what anchors the muscles needed for wing movement. No keel means no flying. Other large ratites include emus, cassowaries and the rheas of South America. All of them have sharp claws and run at fast speeds. And like many other flightless birds they have solid bones, instead of the lightweight hollow bones of flying birds. Perhaps one of the more unusual-looking flightless birds was the Dodo bird. The dodo lived on the island of Mauritius, off the coast of Africa. It was discovered in the year 1602. Early settlers found that the Dodo was not afraid of humans, which made it easy to hunt. It wasn't long before all the dodos on the island had been killed by hunters. Unfortunately, by the year 1680 this bird was gone from the world forever. The largest and heaviest bird of all time is also extinct. The flightless elephant bird of www.olympiadtester.com Copyright@Olympiadtester Page 1
Madagascar. It stood nearly 10 feet tall and weighed as much as three large ostriches. This bird has been extinct since the year 1700. Even though they cannot fly, all flightless birds do have feathers. In fact, some have feathers all over their body. While other birds soar through the air, flightless birds thrive by walking, running, and even swimming. 1. About how long ago did the dodo bird become extinct? 2. How do penguins use their wings? 3. As per the passage, what are two ways an ostrich can protect itself? 4. About how much would a full-grown elephant bird weigh? 5. How are an emu's bones different from a seagull's bones? 6. Where do emus and cassowaries live? www.olympiadtester.com Copyright@Olympiadtester Page 2
04 ANIMALS | WS 02 Name: ______________________ Date: _______________ Unscramble the words to identify the young ones of animals 1. CH LATHING _ _ T _ _ L _ _ _ 2. FIN TAN I _ _ A _ _ 3. UBC _ _ B 4. FLAC C _ _ _ 5. YE JO _ _ _ Y 6. FY ILL _ I _ _ _ 7. PLOATED _ _ _ P _ _ E 8. ART CALLIPER _ A _ E _ _ _ _ L _ _ 9. DIK K _ _ 10. LOAF _ O _ _ 11. ENYGTC _ Y _ N _ _ 12. BA SUQ S _ _ _ _ Notes. www.olympiadtester.com Copyright@Olympiadtester Page 1
04 ANIMALS | WS 03 Name: _______________________ Date: _______________ Try to solve the crossword on "young ones of animals" within 10 minutes. Across 2. Young one of a horse (Female) 4. Young one of a monkey / baboon 5. Young one of an alligator 6. Young one of a kangaroo 8. Young one a butterfly 12. Young one of a lion 13. Young one of horse (male) Down 1. Young one of a pigeon 7. Young one of a goat 8. Young one of a swan 10. Young one of a frog 11. Young one of a bird 12. Young one of a penguin Notes: 10 1 13 11 6 12 7 8 2 4 5 www.olympiadtester.com Copyright@Olympiadtester Page 1