Tiêu đề 03 AbPsy - Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis.pdf ✅

Thought Processes Rate of speech, continuity of speech, and content of speech Loose Association / Derailment: disorganized speech patterns; noticeable in patients with schizophrenia Is there evidence of delusions or hallucinations? Mood and Affect Mood: predominant feeling state of the individual Affect: feeling state that accompanies what we say at a given point Intellectual Functioning Rough estimate of intelligence Type of vocabulary Use of abstractions and metaphors Sensorium General awareness of our surroundings In terms of person, time, and place — “oriented times three” PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Physical Examination – puts attention to the medical conditions sometimes associated with the specific psychological problem ● Hyperthyroidism: overactive thyroid gland ○ May produce symptoms that mimic certain anxiety disorders (GAD) ○ Might produce symptoms consistent with depression ● Certain psychotic symptoms might be associated with the development of a brain tumor ● Withdrawal from cocaine often produces panic attacks ● Clinician must ascertain whether it is merely coexisting or is causal, usually by looking at the onset of the problem BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT Behavioral Assessment – uses direct observation to formally assess an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in specific situations or contexts ● More appropriate when assessing individuals who are not old enough or skilled enough to report their problems and experiences ● Some clinicians go to the person’s home or workplace or even into the local community to observe the person ● Target behaviors are identified and observed with the goal of determining the factors that seem to influence them Observational Assessment – clinician’s attention is usually directed to the immediate behavior, its antecedents, and its consequences ● Informal Observation: relies on the observer’s recollection and interpretation of the events ● Formal Observation: involves identifying specific behaviors that are observable and measurable (operational definition) Self-Monitoring – when people observe their own behavior to find patterns ● Behavior Rating Scale: used as assessment tools before treatment and then periodically during treatment to assess changes in the person’s behavior ● Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: screens for moderate to severe psychotic disorders ○ Assesses 18 general areas of concern ○ Each symptom is rated on a 7-point scale from 0 (not present) to 6 (extremely severe) ○ Includes such items as ■ Somatic Concern: preoccupation with physical health, fear of physical illness, hypochondriasis ■ Guilt Feelings: self-blame, shame, remorse for past behavior ■ Grandiosity: exaggerated self-opinion, arrogance, conviction of unusual power or abilities ● Reactivity: can distort any observational data PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING Psychological Testing – used to assess psychological disorders ● Specific Tools: determine cognitive, emotional, or behavioral responses that might be associated with a specific disorder ● General Tools: assess long-standing personality features, such as a tendency to be suspicious Projective Testing – ambiguous stimuli are presented to people who are asked to describe what they see 2 | @studywithky