Tiêu đề Anatomy-of-urinary-system.ppt ✅

Organs of the Urinary system Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra Figure 15.1a
I. Kidneys The kidneys perform the following functions: excretion of urea (from amino acid breakdown), uric acid (nucleic acid turnover), and creatine (from creatine phosphate breakdown). Disposes of waste and excess ions, it regulates blood volume and its chemical make up, it affects blood pressure and red blood cell formation (erythropoetin- hormone to stimulate blood production). People can survive with just one kidney.
Position of the kidneys Kidneys are retroperitoneal paired organs. Each kidney lies , on the posterior abdominal wall, lateral to the vertebral column In the supine position, the kidneys extend from approximately T12 to L3. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney because of the large size of the right lobe of the liver. With contraction of the diaphragm during respiration, both kidneys move downward in a vertical direction (high of one vertebra, 1 inch, 2.5 cm).