Tiêu đề COMPRE - HANDOUTS - ONCO (Ms. Rojas) ✅

TOP RANK REVIEW ACADEMY, INC. Page 1 | COMPREHENSIVE PHASE HANDOUTS ONCOLOGIC NURSING Prepared By: Ms. Jaidee Rojas, RN NOVEMBER 2025 Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination Review Cell cycle Cancer Cells grow uncontrollably which has a tendency to spread to other parts of the body Oncology Branch of science that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis and prevention of cancer. Carcinogenesis Cell Adaptation Cancer Prevention PRIMARY PREVENTION ✔ Achieve and maintain healthy weight gain ✔ Adopt a physically active lifestyle ✔ Consume a healthy diet ✔ Limit consumption of alcoholic beverages SECONDARY PREVENTION ✔ Screening and early detection TERTIARY PREVENTION ✔ Preventing recurrence ✔ Assessment for development of second malignancies WARNING SIGNS OF CANCER C: Change in bowel or bladder habits. A: A sore that does not heal. U: Unusual bleeding or discharge. T: Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere. * NLE * NCLEX * HAAD * PROMETRICS * DHA * MIDWIFERY * LET * RAD TECH * CRIMINOLOGY * DENTISTRY * PHARMACY * MED TECH


TOP RANK REVIEW ACADEMY, INC. Page 4 | IMPAIRED NUTRITIONAL STATUS (ANOREXIA, CACHEXIA, MALABSORPTION) • Assess and address factors that interfere with oral intake or are associated with increased risk of decreased nutritional status. • Initiate appropriate referrals for interdisciplinary collaboration to manage factors that interfere with oral intake. • Suggest smaller, more frequent meals. • Educate patient to avoid unpleasant sights, odors, and sounds in the environment during mealtime. • If patient desires, serve alcoholic beverages at mealtime with foods. • Consider cold foods, if desired. IMPAIRED NUTRITIONAL STATUS (NAUSEA AND VOMITING) • Assess the patient’s previous experiences and expectations of nausea and vomiting, including causes and interventions used. • Adjust diet before and after drug administration according to patient preference and tolerance. • Prevent unpleasant sights, odors, and sounds in the environment. • Administer prescribed antiemetics, sedatives, and corticosteroids before chemotherapy and afterward as needed. • Ensure adequate fluid hydration before, during, and after drug administration; assess intake and output • Encourage frequent oral hygiene. FATIGUE • Encourage balance of rest and exercise; avoiding extended periods of inactivity. At minimum, promote patient’s normal sleep habits. • Encourage protein, fat, and calorie intake at least equal to that recommended for the general public. • Encourage participation in planned exercise programs involving aerobic, resistance, and flexibility training based on individual limitations and safety measures. • Encourage the use of relaxation techniques and guided imagery. CHRONIC PAIN • Use pain scale to assess pain and discomfort characteristics: location, quality, frequency, duration, etc., at baseline and on an ongoing basis. • Assure patient that you know the pain is real and will assist them in reducing it. • Address myths or misconceptions and lack of knowledge about the use of opioid analgesics. • Collaborate with patient, primary provider, and other health care team members when changes in pain management are necessary. • Explore nonpharmacologic and complementary strategies to relieve pain and discomfort: distraction, imagery, relaxation, cutaneous stimulation, acupuncture, etc. GRIEF • Encourage verbalization of fears, concerns, and questions regarding disease, treatment, and future implications. • Explore previous successful coping strategies. • Encourage ventilation of negative feelings, including projected anger and hostility, within acceptable limits. • Involve spiritual advisor as desired by the patient and family. • Allow for progression through the grieving process at the individual pace of the patient and family. DISTURBED BODY IMAGE • Identify threats to patient’s self-esteem (e.g., altered appearance, decreased sexual function, hair loss, decreased energy, role changes). Validate concerns with patient. • Encourage continued participation in activities and decision making. • Encourage patient to verbalize concerns. • Assist patient in self-care when fatigue, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms prevent independence. • Assist patient in selecting and using cosmetics, scarves, hair pieces, hats, and clothing that increase their sense of attractiveness. BREAST CANCER Risk factors: • Age, family history • Early menarche and late menopause • Previous cancer of the breast, uterus, or ovaries • Nulliparity, late first birth • Obesity • High-dose radiation exposure to chest Interventions: Radiation therapy, chemotherapy; Hormonal manipulation; Surgery Post operative interventions: Monitor vital signs. Position patient semi-fowler’s, affected arm elevated above the level of the heart Encourage deep breathing exercises Assess for infection, color changes, bleeding in surgical site Maintain FE balance, diuretics and low salt diet for severe lymphedema. LUNG CANCER Risk factors: Cigarette smoking; Secondhand smoking; Environmental and occupational pollutants Assessment: