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ENGLISH CHAPTER 4: A TRULY BEAUTIFUL MIND
(1) 04 A TRULY BEAUTIFUL MIND A TRULY BEAUTIFUL MIND ~Summary~ Early Life of Einstein Albert Einstein was born to German parents on 14th March, 1879 in Ulm, Germany. His mother thought that he was abnormal because his head was too large compared to other children. He started speaking, that also with difficulty, only by the time he was two-and-a-half years old. He loved to play with mechanical toys and preferred to play alone; thus other children called him 'Brother Boring'. Even his school headmaster was not happy with him, telling his father that Albert would never be successful, whatever career he took up. His mother made him learn how to play the violin at the age of six years. He, later on, became a talented amateur (non- professional) violinist. Education and Married Life of Einstein When Einstein's parents shifted to Milan, they allowed him to continue school in Munich, but he left the high school there at the age of 15 years as he felt uneasy with the strictness there. He was extraordinary in Mathematics and interested in Physics. So, he continued his studies at the university in Zurich. There he met a Serbian girl, Mileva Maric, who was also an intellectual. They fell in love and ultimately married after Albert found a job on finishing his university studies. But, their family life was not happy despite having two sons. They finally divorced in 1919. Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity Einstein finally secured a job as a technical expert in the patent office in Bern, where he assessed (judged) other people's inventions. Side-by-side, he continued developing his own ideas secretly. He published his Special Theory of Relativity in 1905, according to which time and distance are not absolute (independent). He derived (obtained the world's most famous formula describing the relationship between mass and energy: E = mc2 . In 1915, Einstein published his 'General Theory of Relativity'. The solar eclipse of the sun proved his theory as correct. He became famous, as his work was considered a 'scientific revolution'. For this and his other achievements, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. Einstein Works for Peace and Democracy
(2) 04 A TRULY BEAUTIFUL MIND When the Nazis came to power in Germany, Einstein emigrated (moved away) to the USA. When the world's scientists came to know that Germany had developed nuclear fission, they became afraid that the Nazis could build and use an atomic bomb. He was persuaded by a colleague to write to Franklin D Roosevelt, President of the USA, that this development could cause large- scale devastation. This made the Americans develop their own atomic bomb and use it against Japan near the end of the Second World War. Einstein was shocked by the extent of destruction caused by these bombs and wrote an open letter to the United Nations to stop the arms buildup by forming a 'world government'. Einstein continued campaigning (push or press) for an end to the arms buildup and used his popularity to campaign for peace and democracy during the next ten years, till his death in 1955. He was known and celebrated as a visionary and 'world citizen' as much as a scientific genius. Conclusion of A Truly Beautiful Mind The chapter – A Truly Beautiful Mind illustrates the life story of the scientific genius, Albert Einstein. He was not just a scientist but was deeply concerned about human welfare. Due to this reason, the story is entitled as ‘A Truly Beautiful Mind’.
(3) 04 A TRULY BEAUTIFUL MIND NCERT SOLUTIONS Questions (Page No. 50-51) (Thinking about the Text) Question 1. Here are some headings for paragraphs in the text. Write the number(s) of them paragraph(s) for each title against the heading. The first one is done for you. a. Einstein’s equation – 9 b. Einstein meets his future wife c. The making of a violinist d. Mileva and Einstein’s mother e. A letter that launched the arms race f. A desk drawer full of ideas g. Marriage and divorce Answer: a. Einstein’s equation – 9 b. Einstein meets his future wife – 7 c. The making of a violinist – 3 d. Mileva and Einstein’s mother – 10 e. A letter that launched the arms race – 15 f. A desk drawer full of ideas – 8 g. Marriage and divorce – 11 Question 2. Who had these opinions about Einstein? a. He was boring. b. He was stupid and would never succeed in life. c. He was a freak. Answer: a. He was boring – Einstein’s playmates b. He was stupid and would never succeed in life – Einstein’s headmaster c. He was a freak – Einstein’s mother
(4) 04 A TRULY BEAUTIFUL MIND Question 3. Explain what the reasons for the following are. a. Einstein leaving the school in Munich for good. b. Einstein wanting to study in Switzerland rather than in Munich. c. Einstein seeing in Mileva an ally. d. What do these tell you about Einstein? Answer: a. Einstein left the school in Munich for good because he disliked the school’s regimentation and often had arguments with his school teachers. b. Einstein wanted to study in Switzerland rather than in Munich because Switzerland was a city that was much more liberal than Munich. c. Einstein saw an ally in Mileva because just like him, she too was against ‘Philistines’ i.e. the people in Einstein’s family and at the university with whom he was constantly at odds. d. The above things tell us that Einstein was a very liberal person who liked freedom. He was a person who had his own view about life. Question 4. What did Einstein call his desk drawer at the patent office? Why? Answer: Einstein called his desk drawer at the patent office the ‘bureau of theoretical physics’. He called it so because he was secretly developing his own ideas and inventions related to physics. Question 5. Why did Einstein write a letter to Franklin Roosevelt? Answer: Einstein wrote a letter to Franklin Roosevelt because he wanted to warn America that Germany had the ability to build and use an atomic bomb, which if exploded in a port, would destroy the entire port as well as some of the surrounding territory. Question 6. How did Einstein react to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Answer: He was deeply shaken by the extent of destruction due to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He wrote a public missive to the United Nations and proposed the formation of a world government. Question 7. Why does the world remember Einstein as a “world citizen”?