Tiêu đề Class_10_Complete_Short_Notes_For_Science_For Exam_Prepared By Master TEACHER_PWGulf.pdf ✅

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BIOLOGY LIFE PROCESSES 1. Life processes are the basic processes in living organisms which are necessary for maintaining their life. 2. The basic life processes are – nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. 3. Life processes require energy which is provided by nutrition. A. Nutrition: It is the process of taking food by an organism and its utilization by the body for life processes. I. Modes of Nutrition (i) Autotrophic: It is a type of nutrition in which organisms can synthesize their own food. E.g. Green Plants (ii) Heterotrophic: It is a type of nutrition in which organisms do not possess the ability to synthesize their own food. They depend on autotrophs for their food supply directly or indirectly. Eg. Animals, Fungi (iii) Types of heterotrophic nutrition: There are three main types of heterotrophic nutrition. They are saprophytic, parasitic, and holozoic nutrition. a) Saprophytic nutrition: In this type of nutrition organisms secrete some digestive enzymes to digest the dead organic food and get nourishment from organic remains like excreta, dead organisms, etc. e.g. Fungi, yeast, and mushrooms b) Parasitic nutrition: In this type of nutrition, one organism resides on or inside the body of another organism and derives its food without killing other organisms. Parasites are those organisms which obtain shelter & food from another organism. e.g. Cuscuta, orchids, ticks, lice, leeches, roundworms, tapeworms, plasmodium, etc. c) Holozoic nutrition: In this mode of nutrition, the organism involves the intake of solid pieces of food. This food is subsequently digested and absorbed. e.g. Amoeba, Paramecium, birds, fishes, humans, etc. [1]
It involves the following steps: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion. II. Nutrition in Plants: a) Photosynthesis: It is the process by which plants prepare food by using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. The food prepared is carbohydrate which is stored in the form of starch. Oxygen is released in this process. b) Equation of photosynthesis: c) Raw materials required in photosynthesis 1.Carbohydrate 2.Photosynthetic pigment 3.Sunlight 4.Water d) Site of Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast or kitchen of the cell in green tissues inside and young stem. e) Mechanism of photosynthesis: Photosynthesis takes place in three main steps. i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll. [2]
ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting up of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen to form carbohydrates. f) Importance of photosynthesis Photosynthesis is an anabolic process which provides food to the living organisms. It purifies the atmospheric air by consuming CO2 , and evolving oxygen. It transforms light energy into chemical energy. III. Nutrition in animals: a) Nutrition in Amoeba: Amoeba is a unicellular animal living in water. It takes in food by forming finger-like projections called pseudopodia and forms a food vacuole. Inside the food vacuole, the food is digested and absorbed. The undigested food is then sent out through the surface of the cell. Nutrition in Humans: The human digestive system comprises of alimentary canal and associated digestive glands. [3]