Tiêu đề ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ DUYÊN HẢI HẢI PHÒNG LỚP 11 2024.docx ✅

1 ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT (Đề thi gồm 21 trang) KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ LẦN THỨ XV, NĂM 2024 ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT MÔN: TIẾNG ANH - LỚP 11 THPT CHUYÊN TRẦN PHÚ HẢI PHÒNG Thời gian: 180 phút (Không kể thời gian giao đề) SECTION A: LISTENING (50 points) HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU • Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây; mở đầu và kết thúc mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu. Thí sinh có 20 giây để đọc mỗi phần câu hỏi. • Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 03 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu nhạc kết thúc bài nghe. • Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about why some people have wanderlust and decide whether these statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points) 1. Originating from German, Wanderlust literally means a strong desire to travel and experience the unknown. FALSE 2. The 7R variant of the DRD4 gene is linked to lower dopamine sensitivity, thereby discouraging people from taking risks or seeking for sensation. FALSE 3. Genetics may start to have effect when it comes to detecting the wild at heart from the homebodies. TRUE 4. People tend to compare themselves to the better-off downward social comparisons and to the worse-off upwards social comparisons. FALSE 5. The quote by Jack Kerouac implies that venturing to distant lands makes our life more meaningful. TRUE TRANSCRIPT The poet Laval Drakman once said, ''The blessed are the curious, for they shall have adventures.'' Which is certainly true of people with wanderlust.
2 Derived from a German word meaning a love of hiking, and now used to describe that burning, near physical desire to escape the everyday and explore the unfamiliar, an insatiable appetite for travel. Wanderlust is a common, but not universal experience. What makes some people catch that travel bug? While others are apparently immune? One theory is to do with our genes. Scientific research has identified a variant of the DRD4 gene. Sounds like a lovable space robot, but it's actually the gene that affects sensitivity to dopamine, the neurotransmitter often released in the brain when we do something we enjoy. Now, it's not that the seven R version of the DRD4 specifically creates a craving for travel, but people with the seven R variant are less sensitive to that delicious dopamine hit. So, simple things that bring other people pleasure, like a jog in the park or a cheeky chocolate binge, might not cut it for them. Which makes those with the seven R type of the DRD4 gene more likely to be risk- takers and thrill-seekers, going further than most of us, sometimes literally, to get increased dopamine levels. That's why DRD4-7R has been called the wanderlust gene. The important thing about genes is that they don't determine anyone's personality. All sorts of factors play into that. But given that other researchers linked the same seven R variant to far-riskier behaviours, such as addiction, a short temper, and delinquent behaviour, the irrepressible impulse to go interrailing seems like the better end of the Darwinistic deal. So, genetics may come into play when it comes to discerning the wild at heart from the home bodies. But another theory looks at the psychology of living in our modern, interconnected human society, a society in which we are constantly aware of what family, friends, and social media influencers are doing. The psychologist Leon Festinger called this social comparison theory, a theory that was later developed by academics to describe two distinct ways we compare ourselves to other people: upward social comparisons—comparing ourselves to those we see as more successful than us—and downward social comparisons—comparing ourselves to those we see as worse off than us. In the age of social media, it's very easy to compare ourselves unfavourably with the idealised version. How can we compete with influencers, with their perfectly tanned legs on immaculate white sand, and their once- in-a-lifetime sunsets over Machu Picchu, #nofilter, #livingtheirbestlives? Whether the motivation to explore the world is genetic, psychological, or something else, there are far more harmful hobbies than the desire to explore the world, venturing outside your comfort zone. To learn about new cultures, meet people you might otherwise never have had the chance to meet, and ultimately learn who you are in different situations, sounds like a life well-lived. As the novelist Jack Kerouac said, ''Because in the end, you won't remember the time you spent in the office or mowing your lawn. Climb that goddamn mountain.''
3 Part 2: For questions 6-10, listen to a talk about the Mariana trench and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or NUMBERS taken from the recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered spaces provided. (10 points) 6. In which part of the world have most trenches been identified so far? the Pacific 7. What resulted in the formation of the Mariana Trench? subduction 8. What is the pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench? nearly 110 Megapascals 9. What creatures can be found deep under the sea? soft-bodied organisms 10. What process do bacteria use to produce food? chemosynthesis TRANSCRIPT As I'm sure you all know, the bottoms of the oceans are not flat. There can be huge underwater volcanoes and mountains, and there can also be deep trenches. Now, roughly 22 different trenches have been identified so far. But not all of them are that deep. Of these 22, 18 are in the Pacific, three are in the Atlantic, and there is just one in the Indian Ocean. Today, I'm going to talk to you about one trench in particular, the Mariana Trench. Of course, everyone knows that the Mariana Trench is the deepest trench in the ocean and thus is the deepest point on Earth. It was created by subduction. That is, it formed when one ocean plate was forced underneath another. So, how deep is it? Its deepest point has been measured at over 11,000 meters. Now, compare this to the average depth of the Pacific, which is just under 4,200 meters. Let me give you an idea as to how deep this is. Mount Everest is 8,850 meters high, so if you place Mount Everest at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, you still have over 2,000 meters of water left over. Okay, so what is it like deep under the sea? Well, for one thing, the pressure is enormous. It's nearly 110 megapascals, which is equivalent to 1,000 times the pressure at sea level. And of course, it's dark, so there are no photosynthetic organisms living there. Yet, despite the pressure and lack of light, life can still be found. Samples taken from the Challenger Deep, one of the first sites that submersibles visited, show the presence of a wide variety of soft-bodied organisms. Some scientists believe that these creatures may be similar to some of the first life forms on Earth. As amazing as the discovery of these creatures may be, they may also play an important role in helping scientists understand not just the evolution of creatures to harsh environments, but also the evolution of early life on the planet. Now, I already mentioned that there's no light at the bottom, so I'm sure you are all wondering how the creatures get food. Well, there are two ways. Dead plant and animal matter can fall to the bottom. The other way is chemosynthesis. This is a process that some bacteria are able to use to transform organic chemicals into energy. But I'll go into the details during our next class.
4 Part 3. For questions 11-15, listen to part of an interview with two British architects, Malcolm Fletcher and Alison Brooks, about the design of new low-cost housing, and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 11. What view is expressed about the government's plans to build houses on greenfield sites? A. Opposition groups are unlikely to have any real influence. B. It may be possible to create space by demolishing some existing buildings. C. There is a more important priority than preserving the countryside. D. New developments should show continuity with what has gone before. 12. What does Malcolm regard as special about the Newhall housing development in Essex? A. the involvement of local people in the planning process B. the unusual attitude of the original landowners C. the good relationship between the builders and the architect D. the freedom given to the designers 13. The aspect of Margaret Gibbs's houses that both Alison and Malcolm appreciate is _____________. A. their visual appeal. B. their generous dimensions. C. their structural strength. D. their internal layout. 14. When designing the space around the Essex houses, Margaret Gibbs _____________. A. attempted to integrate homes with recreational areas. B. conceded to the general demand for a garden. C. allowed a bigger external area than usual. D. aimed to safeguard the inhabitants' privacy. 15. What do Malcolm and Alison agree about the aesthetic qualities of buildings? A. Architectural form may sometimes take precedence over function. B. Beauty is an intrinsic aspect of good architecture. C. There is little consensus concerning what constitutes good style. D. Popular notions of good taste inevitably change over time. TRANSCRIPT Interviewer: Welcome to today's programme on current issues. Today I'd like to welcome two architects, Malcolm Fletcher and Alison Brooks, who both specialise in domestic architecture. So, starting with you Alison ... What's your reaction to the government's plans to build houses on what in the UK are classified as greenfield sites - sites that are currently in their natural state, or used as farmland? Alison: Well I think it's inevitable really. There'll be a lot of opposition to it from groups who want to