Tiêu đề NCM 111 PRELIMS ✅

NCM 111 BY TONS and MADS designs are essential, & confirmation needed through replication of studies w/ different clients, different clinical settings and times to ensure findings are robust. 3. Greater emphasis on systematic reviews. cornerstone of EBP, and take on increased importance in all health disciplines. Purpose of SR: amass and integrate comprehensive research information on a topic, to draw conclusions about the state of evidence. 4. Expanded local research in healthcare settings. In current evidence-based environment, increase of small, localized research designed to solve immediate problems. Mechanisms need to be developed to ensure evidence becomes available to others facing similar problems. 5. Strengthening of interdisciplinary (&intra) collaboration. Collaboration of nurses with researchers in related fields is likely to continue to expand in 21st century as researchers address fundamental problems at biobehavioral & psychobiologic interface. Lead to nurse researchers playing more prominent role in national & international healthcare policies. 6. Expanded dissemination of research findings. Internet and other electronic communication have a big impact on disseminating research information helps to promote EBP. 7. Increasing the visibility of nursing research. Nurse researchers must market themselves and their research to professional organizations, consumer organizations, governments, and the corporate world to increase support for their research. 8. Increased focus on cultural issues and health disparities. Ecological validity, study designs and findings have relevance in a variety of real-world contexts. There is growing awareness that research must be sensitive to health beliefs, behaviors, and values of culturally and linguistically diverse populations. 9. Shared decision making. Putting patients in a more central role in their decision-making about healthcare. Rationale for Conducting Clinical Nursing Research ● Nursing problems & issues are integral to work situation. ● Personal satisfaction is derived from finding better ways of providing nursing care. ● No one has greater access to the client than nurse ● It could be therapeutic & enjoyable for the client to participate in clinical research. ● Clinical research is a practical way for a nurse to help improve the health care of the sick & well individuals. Nursing Research VS. Research in Nursing ● Nursing Research - research done on addressing health concerns of CLIENTS & application of research in their CARE. Systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence about issues of importance to nursing profession, including practice, education, administration, & informatics. ● Research in Nursing - studies on particular concerns of nurses themselves Identification of a Problem ● most important & most difficult step in the research process. ● area of concern in w/c there is a gap in knowledge base needed in the nursing practice. ● Initial question: Are there questions about this problem to w/c answers have not yet been developed? PROBLEM & PURPOSE ● Problem - question or difficulty that study SEEK to solve ● Purpose - outcome being intended w/c is the solution of the problem Guideposts in Determining Problem Research Ability ● NO available answers to explain existing gap in knowledge. ● Available solutions are NOT known or are untested. ● Possible results, answers or solutions appear to be, or in fact contradictory. ● There are possible & plausible explanations for existence of an undesirable condition. ● Phenomenon exists w/c requires clarification & or explanation. Sources of Problems 1. Field of Specialization. 2. Personal & professional experiences & interest. 3. Instructional Programs 4. Reading programs. 5. Literature sources & previous research studies. 6. Organizational structure, Policies & Interpersonal Relationships. 7. New Technologies. 8. Conflicting Ideas & Ideals. 9. Journals, Books, Theses or Dissertations & Mass Media 10. Theories & Principles Affecting certain Phenomena 11. Problem Areas in Nursing: Administration of Nursing Service & Education Clinical Specialization 12. Problem Situations & Issues 13. Suggestions of Experts & Authorities Criteria for Choice of Problems A.External Criteria a. Significance of Novelty of the Problem i. The novelty & practical value of the study due to its “Newness” or practical value in the field of inquiry, its solution contributes knowledge to the field. ii. Significance: is problem is worth studying? iii. Consider the following: 1. Is problem critical enough to prove the difference b/n what is “ideal” & what is “real”? 2. Will its solution improve the practice of nursing & bring about change in nursing practitioner? 3. What contributions or meaning will it give to different sectors or beneficiaries of the study? b. Problem Researchability i. Not all problems can be investigated scientifically. ii. Research problems must be researchable & manageable. iii. Nature & scope are specific & well-defined c. Feasibility of the Problem i. Potential of research investigation to be successfully pursued to its conclusion given certain conditions. ii. Established when the ff criteria is meet: 1. Time 2. Availability of subjects 3. Institutional/Administrative control & support group 4. Research resources 5. Fiscal resources 6. Capability of the researcher 7. Ethical considerations B. Internal Criteria a. Motivation, Interest, Intellectual Curiosity & Perceptiveness of the RESEARCHER b. Experience, Training & Professional Qualifications c. Time Management d. Costs & Returns e. Hazards, Penalties & Handicaps Characteristics & Qualities of Researchable Problems 1. Originality 2. Significance 2