Tiêu đề 1. AI Winter 23.pdf ✅

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE – SEMESTER - VI EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023 Subject Code : 3161608 Date : 11/12/2023 Subject Name : Artificial Intelligence Total Marks : 70 Q : 1 Q.1 (a) Discuss the various application areas for artificial intelligence. [03]  Artificial intelligence (AI) has a wide range of application areas across different industries and sectors. Here's an overview of some key application areas for AI: 1. Healthcare: AI is transforming healthcare through applications like medical imaging analysis, personalized treatment plans, drug discovery, virtual health assistants, and predictive analytics for patient outcomes. AI algorithms can analyze large datasets to identify patterns and optimize healthcare delivery. 2. Finance: In finance, AI is used for fraud detection, algorithmic trading, credit scoring, customer service (chatbots), risk assessment, and personalized financial advice. Machine learning models can analyze financial data in real-time to make informed decisions. 3. Retail and E-commerce: AI powers recommendation systems (like those used by Amazon and Netflix), inventory management, customer segmentation, chatbots for customer service, and predictive analytics for demand forecasting and pricing optimization. 4. Manufacturing and Robotics: AI and robotics are used for process automation, predictive maintenance, quality control (defect detection), supply chain optimization, and autonomous vehicles for material handling. 5. Transportation: Self-driving cars are one of the most prominent AI applications in transportation, but AI is also used for traffic management, predictive maintenance of vehicles, route optimization, and demand prediction for ride-sharing services. 6. Customer Service: Chatbots and virtual assistants are widely used for customer support in various industries, providing instant responses to queries, scheduling appointments, and handling routine tasks. 7. Education: AI is transforming education through personalized learning platforms, adaptive learning systems, automated grading of assignments, and virtual tutors that can provide customized study plans. 8. Cybersecurity: AI is utilized for threat detection, anomaly detection, and behavioral analysis to identify and respond to cyber threats in real-time. 9. Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP is used in various applications such as sentiment analysis, language translation, speech recognition, text summarization, and chatbots. 10. Entertainment: AI is used in gaming (for non-player character behaviors, procedural content generation), content recommendation on streaming platforms, and music composition.
11. Agriculture: AI applications include crop and soil monitoring, predictive analytics for yield optimization, precision agriculture (using drones and sensors), and pest detection. 12. Energy: AI helps optimize energy distribution, predictive maintenance of energy assets, and grid management for renewable energy sources. 13. Marketing and Advertising: AI powers targeted advertising, customer segmentation, sentiment analysis of social media data, and optimization of marketing campaigns based on consumer behavior. 14. Government and Public Services: AI is used in areas like public safety (predictive policing, emergency response optimization), administrative tasks (automated document processing), and smart city initiatives (traffic management, waste management). These are just some examples, and AI continues to expand into new areas, transforming industries and driving innovation across the board. Each application area leverages AI technologies differently, from machine learning and deep learning to natural language processing and computer vision, to solve complex problems and improve efficiency. Q.1 (b) Explain state space search representation using the water-jug problem. [04]  State Space Search : o State space search is a problem-solving technique used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to find the solution path from the initial state to the goal state by exploring the various states. The state space search approach searches through all possible states of a problem to find a solution. It is an essential part of Artificial Intelligence and is used in various applications, from game-playing algorithms to natural language processing. o A state space is a way to mathematically represent a problem by defining all the possible states in which the problem can be. This is used in search algorithms to represent the initial state, goal state, and current state of the problem. Each state in the state space is represented using a set of variables.  States in State Space Search: o The steps involved in state space search are as follows: o To begin the search process, we set the current state to the initial state. o We then check if the current state is the goal state. If it is, we terminate the algorithm and return the result.
o If the current state is not the goal state, we generate the set of possible successor states that can be reached from the current state. o For each successor state, we check if it has already been visited. If it has, we skip it, else we add it to the queue of states to be visited. o Next, we set the next state in the queue as the current state and check if it's the goal state. If it is, we return the result. If not, we repeat the previous step until we find the goal state or explore all the states. o If all possible states have been explored and the goal state still needs to be found, we return with no solution. Problem: You are given two jugs, a 4-gallon one and a 3-gallon one.Neither has any measuring mark on it.There is a pump that can be used to fill the jugs with water.How can you get exactly 2 gallons of water into the 4-gallon jug. Solution: The state space for this problem can be described as the set of ordered pairs of integers (x,y) Where, X represents the quantity of water in the 4-gallon jug X= 0,1,2,3,4 Y represents the quantity of water in 3-gallon jug Y=0,1,2,3 Start State: (0,0) Goal State: (2,0) Generate production rules for the water jug problem