Tiêu đề DRILLING SOAL 6 - ING 2.pdf ✅

DRILLING SOAL 6 Literasi Bahasa Inggris 2 DRILLING SOAL 6 Literasi Bahasa Inggris 2 Read the text below It is common knowledge that as women get older, pregnancy becomes a riskier enterprise. Advanced maternal age is linked to a number of developmental disorders in children, such as Down’s syndrome. Now, a study has confirmed that older mothers are more likely to give birth to a child with autism, too. The authors of the epidemiological study, published February 8 in Autism Research, examined the parental age of more than 12,000 children with autism and nearly five million ‘control’ children between 1990 and 1999, all living in California. The researchers found that mothers over 40 had 51 percent higher risk than mother under 25. Autisma developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication appears to be on the rise. The U. S Center for Disease Control and Prevention now estimates that as many as one in 110 children in the U. S. has an autistic spectrum disorder-a group of developmental disorders including autism, Asperger’s disorders in California in 2007 was 12 times that form 1987, representing an average annual growth of 13 percent, according to a report from the California Department of Developmental Services. Only a fraction of these extra cases can be explained by changes to diagnostic criteria and earlier diagnosis. Maternal age is also increasing in the U. S. A California-based study reported a three-fold increase in the number of births to women aged 40 to 44 between 1982 and 2004. But this trend toward delayed childbearing accounted for less than 5 percent of the total increase in autism diagnosis in California over the decade, according to the study - a finding that surprised Janie Shelton, a doctoral student in University of California, Davi’s Department of Public Health Sciences and the study’s lead author. ‘I would have expected to see more of a contribution, because age is risk factor and women are having kids later,’ she says. Earlier work had suggested that both maternal and paternal ages are independently associated with autism risk. But the currently study found that paternal age is only a risk factor when the mother is under 30. 1. In the text above the writer deals with a topic on ... A. prevalence of autism among children. 1
DRILLING SOAL 6 Literasi Bahasa Inggris 2 B. possible biological causes of autism. C. research findings on mental disorders. D. maternal age and autism in children. E. negative effects of delayed pregnancy. Read the text below Although photography was first made public in 1839, the theory behind the principles of the medium begins with Aristotle's description of how light waves behave when projected through a small aperture. This is fundamentally the description of how a lens or camera's aperture operates when it projects an image onto the film at the back of a camera. In the Middle Ages, Alhazen and 5 Francis Bacon extended the principle to include a large, darkened room with a small opening in one wall. In the 15 to 18" centuries this camera obscura, as it came to be called, was reduced in size, and made convenient for artist to use in tracing scenic design and architectural perspective. The chemical principles basic to photography were also described well before photography was "invented". Johann Schulze, in 1727, demonstrated that silver salts turned dark when exposed to light. Carl W. Scheele, in 1777, showed that ammonia retarded the effects of light, and he indicated a possible way of stabilizing the photochemical process. By the end of the 18th century, the necessary equipment (the camera obscura) were available at least to produce semipermanent photographic images. The artistic style and aesthetics of Renaissance and post- Renaissance Europe placed a high value on a naturalistic rendering of nature and thus legitimatized the use of machines like camera obscura by artist. By the mind 18 century, a public demand had made itself for realistic portraits, which was partially satisfied by experiments in the automatic: if permanent, recording of portrait silhouettes on photo sensitive paper. Two imperatives the need for perspectival accurate landscape and architectural scenes and for objectively truthful portraits created a climate for certain types and styles of pictures that, after 1839, would be achieved easily by photography. 2. Which is most like the topic of the paragraph following this text? A. Portraits of inanimate objects B. Process of publishing portraits. C. Photographer’s status in society D. More recent photography application E. Photography as an exclusive form of art 3. Read the text below 2
DRILLING SOAL 6 Literasi Bahasa Inggris 2 The Stone Age was a period of history which began in approximately 2 million B.C. and lasted untul 3000 B.C. Its name was derived from the stone tools and weapons that modern scientist found. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Ages. During the first period (2 million to 8000 B.C.), the first hatchet and use of fire for heating and cooking were developed. As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic Age, people were forced to seek shelther in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools. During the Mesolithic Age (8000 to 6000 B.C.), people made crude pottery and the first fish books, took dogs hunting, and developed the bow and arrow, which were used until the fourteenth century A.D. The Neolithic Age (6000 to 3000 B.C.) saw humankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle, being less nomadic than in previous eras, establishing permanent settlement, and creating governments. The author states that the Stone Age was so named because ... A. it was very durable like stone B. the tools and weapons were made of stone C. there was little vegetation D. the people loved in stone caves E. the people were as hard as stone 4. Read the text below In 1776 B. C. the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greek’s chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create competitve sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discus and jevelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot raving were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to 3