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Multimedia computing Unit 1: Introduction to multimedia The word multimedia is the combined form of two different words “multi” and “media” in which Multi means multiple/many or several whereas “Media” means source that refers to different kind of information that including text, graphics, audio, video, animation etc. Thus, multimedia is the field concerned with the computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (video), animation, and any other media where every type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted, and processed digitally. Using multimedia, the computer information can be represented in audio, video and animated format in addition to traditional format. History of multimedia A simple example of media communications would be the telegraph, developed in the U.S. by Samuel Morse in the mid 1800's. After that the timeline of history of development of multimedia is listed below.  The concept of multimedia was sketched by a German citizen Paul Nipkow, who developed the first video disc in 1884.  In 1895, Gugliemo Marconi sent his first wireless radio transmission at Pontecchio, Italy.  in 1901, Gugliemo Marconi detected radio waves beamed across the Atlantic.  In 1927,Electronic television was designed and first successfully demonstrated in San Francisco by Philo Taylor Farnsworth.  Thomas Alva Edison ‘commissioned the invention of a motion picture camera in 1887 and Silent feature films appeared from 1910 to 1927.  In 1945,Vannevar Bush wrote about Memex a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility.  In 1960s,Ted Nelson started Xanadu project a kind of deep Hypertext.  In 1967, Nicholas Negroponte formed the Architecture Machine Group( A combination lab and think tank responsible for many radically new approaches to the human-computer interface) at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
 In 1968, Douglas Engelbart demonstrated Shared-screen collaboration involving two persons at different sites communicating over a network with audio and video.  In 1969 The birth of Internet by DARPA  In 1971 – Email was introduced  In 1976 - Architecture Machine Group proposal to DARPA: Multiple Media  In 1980 - Lippman & Mohl: Aspen Movie Map  In 1985 – Negroponte, Wiesner: opened MIT Media Lab Research at the Media Lab comprises interconnected developments in an unusual range of disciplines.  In 1989 – Tim Berners-Lee proposed the World Wide Web to CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research)  In 1990 – K. Hooper Woolsey, Apple Multimedia Lab gave education to 100 people  In 1992 – The first M-Bone audio multicast on the net (MBONE- Multicast Backbone)  In 1993 – U. Illinois National Center for Supercomputing Applications introduced NCSA Mosaic (a web browser)  In 1994 – Jim Clark and Marc Andersen introduced Netscape Navigator (web browser)  In 1995 – Java for platform-independent application development.  In 1996 – DVD video was introduced; high-quality, full-length movies were distributed on a single disk. The DVD format promised to transform the music, gaming and computer industries. 1998 – XML 1.0 was announced as a W3C Recommendation.  In 1998 – Handheld MP3 devices first made inroads into consumer tastes in the fall, with the introduction of devices holding 32 MB of flash memory.  In 2000 – World Wide Web (WWW) size was estimated at over 1 billion pages. Advantages and disadvantages of multimedia Advantages of multimedia • Multimedia makes teaching learning easier, attractive and effective. • Multimedia has the potential to be one of the most powerful forms of communicating idea, searching for information, and experiencing new concepts of any communication media ever developed. • Multimedia helps to share, views ideas and information in more effective and attractive ways. • Using multimedia, the things can be presented to cover a wide range of people using projector. • Movie making, cartoon making etc is easy and fast through multimedia. • Multimedia is possible to get virtual classes at home as a part of distance learning because of multimedia. • Multimedia is also used in Internet to make up the interactive web-page contents. • Multimedia helps to make advertisement more attractive and realistic. • Multimedia makes the presentation more interesting and audience concentered. • Simulation of air battle, space shuttle flight are the use of multimedia. Disadvantages of multimedia: • Multimedia is highly expensive to produce multimedia systems and contents. • Multimedia needs well trained manpower to create and use it. • Multimedia files are too large so, it is time consuming to transfer across the internet and intranet. • New networking protocols are needed to handle bandwidth requirements of video and sound for multimedia. • Copying and altering digital images may unknowingly lead to copyright infringement in multimedia. Types of Multimedia This is very important to understand about the various types of multimedia with purposes. The following are the most common and purposeful types of multimedia.
Non-linear (Interactive) Multimedia The non-linear or interactive multimedia is a form of multimedia that the user can have some control what and when the multimedia is displayed or run. The easiest examples of this multimedia are games and virtual reality. This type of multimedia is arguably the most interesting and enjoyable because we can interact more with it to better feel the content. Hyperactive Multimedia This type of multimedia has a structure of various related elements that the user can control. Although it is not like interactive multimedia, this type of hyperactive multimedia also has certain functions. For example, websites and online games. Linear/Sequential Multimedia This type of multimedia also known as sequential multimedia is a type of multimedia that runs linearly or in a straight line. This type of multimedia only moves in the same direction as we often encounter in all types of video tutorial films. In contrast to interactive multimedia, there is an interaction between the user and the multimedia by using computers, mice, and keyboards. At the same time, linear multimedia in its use must be scheduled and sequentially from start to finish. Examples such as music and television station broadcasts. Multimedia computer system A Multimedia computer system is a system capable of processing multimedia data and applications. It is characterized by the processing, storage, generation, manipulation and rendition of Multimedia information. A multimedia system is responsible for developing a multimedia application. A multimedia application is a bundle of different kinds of data. So, multimedia computer system is one that can create, integrate, store, retrieve delete two or more types of media materials in digital form, such as audio, image, video, and text information.
Following are some major concerns of a Multimedia System: Hardware Processor (CPU): Intel Core i5 (sixth generation or newer) or equivalent Operating System: Microsoft Windows 10 Professional x64 (free via Azure Dev Tools for Teaching. Restrictions apply.) Memory: 16 GB RAM or more Storage: 512 GB internal Solid-State Drive (SSD) or 1 TB internal HDD Sustainability EPEAT Silver rating (preferably EPEAT Gold) Monitor/Display: 24" LCD monitor, Accelerated Graphics Card Network Adaptor: 802.11ac 2.4/5 GHz wireless adapter Input Devices : (Keyboards, Mice, Digital Cameras, MIDI Keyboards, Touch Screens, Trackballs, Scanner , Voice Recognition Systems, Magnetic Card Encoders and Readers, Tablets etc.) Output Devices: (High resolution monitors, Speakers, Printer, Projector, Video Devices etc.) Storage Devices: (CD-ROM Drives, Pen drive, Magneto-optical drives, Communication devices, Modems etc.) Other devices: Webcam, lock, external drive for backups Multimedia File System The multimedia file system must be efficient to meet the requirements of continuous media. These media files require very high-disk bandwidth rates. Disks usually have low transfer rates and high latency rates. To satisfy the requirements for multimedia data, disk schedulers must reduce the latency time to ensure high bandwidth. File formats that support multimedia: