Tiêu đề Grade 11 Unit 9 Short note and questions.pdf ✅

Prepared by Bisrat Alemu for more short notes and videos contact telegram @TTbisrat  Reign of Terror (1793-1794): A period of extreme violence and executions under the Jacobins, led by figures like Robespierre.  Rise of Napoleon: The instability of the Directory paved the way for Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power in 1799. 4. Napoleonic Era (1799-1815):  Consolidation of Power and Reforms: Napoleon, as First Consul and later Emperor, implemented significant reforms:  Napoleonic Code: Unified legal system emphasizing property rights.  Concordat of 1801: Agreement with the Catholic Church.  Financial and Educational Reforms: Established a national bank, standardized currency, and introduced public education.  Military Campaigns and Empire: Napoleon's military successes led to the expansion of the French Empire across Europe, but ultimately resulted in his downfall after defeats in Russia and at the Battle of Waterloo (1815).  Congress of Vienna (1814-1815): This meeting of European powers aimed to restore stability and order after the Napoleonic Wars, guided by principles of legitimacy, compensation, and balance of power. Quotes:  "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." - Declaration of Independence  "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on the common good." - Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Conclusion: The period from 1789 to 1815 witnessed a dramatic reshaping of Western societies. The Industrial Revolution brought forth unprecedented technological advancement and economic transformation, while the American and French Revolutions sparked enduring political and social change, challenging established hierarchies and spreading ideas of liberty and equality. The Napoleonic era demonstrated the potential for both revolutionary change and its subsequent challenges, as Napoleon's ambition ultimately led to widespread conflict and his eventual downfall. The Congress of Vienna attempted to establish a new European order, though the legacy of these tumultuous decades would continue to shape the world for centuries to come. The Age of Revolutions (1789-1815) Study Guide Quiz Instructions: Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each. 1. What were the major industries transformed by the Industrial Revolution? 2. What factors contributed to England being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution? 3. Describe two key inventions that revolutionized the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution. 4. Explain the concept of "laissez-faire" economics and its connection to the Industrial Revolution. 5. What were the main differences between the philosophies of laissez-faire economics and socialism? 6. What were the three main social classes (Estates) in France before the French Revolution, and how did their rights and privileges differ? 7. What was the significance of the storming of the Bastille in the French Revolution? 8. What were some of the key reforms implemented during the initial phase of the French Revolution (National Assembly period)?
Prepared by Bisrat Alemu for more short notes and videos contact telegram @TTbisrat 9. What was the Napoleonic Code, and what were its main impacts on France and Europe? 10. What were the major goals and guiding principles of the Congress of Vienna? Answer Key 1. The major industries transformed were textiles, iron production, mechanical engineering, chemical manufacturing, and transportation (specifically steamships and railways). 2. England had abundant natural resources, a growing population, a stable government, a developing economy, and overseas trade, making it ideal for industrialization. 3. James Hargreaves' spinning jenny (1764) enabled one worker to spin eight threads at once. Edmund Cartwright's power loom (1787), powered by water, significantly sped up weaving. 4. Laissez-faire economics advocated for minimal government intervention in the economy, letting businesses operate freely. This idea, promoted by Adam Smith, fueled industrial growth but also led to social inequalities. 5. Laissez-faire economics promoted minimal government involvement in economic affairs, while socialism argued for government control or ownership of key industries to ensure social welfare and economic equality. 6. The First Estate (clergy) and Second Estate (nobility) enjoyed privileges and exemptions from taxes. The Third Estate (peasants, artisans, and bourgeoisie) bore the tax burden and lacked political representation, leading to unrest. 7. The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, symbolized the people's uprising against the monarchy's tyranny. It marked a turning point in the French Revolution, leading to the abolition of feudalism and the rise of the National Assembly. 8. The National Assembly abolished feudal privileges, declared the Rights of Man, seized Church lands, implemented tax reforms based on income, and adopted a constitutional monarchy with the Constitution of 1791. 9. The Napoleonic Code, established in 1804, was a comprehensive legal system that unified French law. It emphasized equality before the law, property rights, and religious tolerance, leaving a lasting impact on European legal systems. 10. The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore stability and order in Europe after Napoleon's defeat. Its guiding principles included legitimacy (restoring deposed rulers), compensation (rewarding allies with territories), and the balance of power (preventing any one state from dominating Europe). Essay Questions 1. Analyze the social and economic impacts of the Industrial Revolution on 19th-century England. How did it change the lives of different social classes? 2. Compare and contrast the American and French Revolutions, focusing on their causes, key events, and long-term consequences. 3. "Napoleon Bonaparte was both a child of the French Revolution and its gravedigger." To what extent do you agree with this statement? 4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the Congress of Vienna in achieving long-term peace and stability in Europe. 5. Discuss the role of new technologies and innovations in shaping the course and impact of the Industrial Revolution. Glossary of Key Terms
Prepared by Bisrat Alemu for more short notes and videos contact telegram @TTbisrat  Industrial Revolution: A period of rapid technological advancement and industrialization, beginning in England in the mid-18th century, characterized by the introduction of new machinery, factories, and mass production.  Laissez-faire: An economic theory advocating minimal government intervention in the economy, allowing free markets and individual initiative to drive economic growth.  Socialism: An economic and political system advocating for social ownership or control of the means of production and distribution, aiming to achieve social justice and reduce economic inequality.  Estates-General: The legislative body of France before the French Revolution, representing the three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners.  National Assembly: The legislative body formed by representatives of the Third Estate during the French Revolution, responsible for drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Constitution of 1791.  Reign of Terror: A period of extreme violence and political repression during the French Revolution (1793-1794) marked by mass executions of perceived enemies of the revolution.  Napoleonic Code: A comprehensive legal system introduced by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804, emphasizing equality before the law, property rights, and religious tolerance.  Continental System: Napoleon's economic policy aimed at crippling Britain's economy by blocking trade between continental Europe and Britain.  Congress of Vienna: A gathering of European powers in 1814-1815 to redraw the map of Europe and restore stability after the Napoleonic Wars.  Balance of Power: A geopolitical theory advocating for a distribution of power among states to prevent any single nation from becoming too dominant and threatening the stability of the international system. Here are 20 multiple choice questions about the content in the source provided: 1. What is the term for the greatly increased output of machine-made products that began in England in the mid-18th century? a) The French Revolution b) The Industrial Revolution c) The American Revolution d) The Reign of Terror 2. What invention allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths, increasing crop yields? a) The cotton gin b) The seed drill c) The flying shuttle d) The water frame 3. What was the name of the skilled worker who supposedly destroyed weaving machinery around 1779 and inspired the Luddite movement? a) George Washington b) John Kay c) Ned Ludd d) Adam Smith 4. Which of the following was NOT a natural resource that contributed to England’s ability to begin the Industrial Revolution? a) Water power b) Iron ore c) Rivers d) Silver 5. What type of machine was the spinning jenny?