Tiêu đề 7th - CHEMISTRY.pdf ✅

2 53 - 104 ACIDS,BASES AND SALTS 3 105 - 138 4 CLASS - VII NAME OF THE TOPIC CHEMISTRY 139 - 160 1 NATURE OF MATTER 01 - 52 MOLE CONCEPT - I LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY 6 3 8 5 ATOMIC STRUCTURE METALS AND NON METALS PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION 7 CHEMICAL BONDING 161 - 225 226 - 280 281 - 333 334 - 371

1 SYNOPSIS - 1 Defination: Any material which has mass and occupies space is called matter. Examples: an apple, a person, a table, air, water, a computer, paper,,iron, ice cream, wood, Mars, sand, a rock, the Sun, a spider, a tree, paint, snow, clouds, a sandwich, a fingernail, lettuce Characteristics of matter i) All matter is composed of particles. ii) All material bodies have weight and hence have mass. iii) All material bodies occupy space. These particles have intermolecular spaces between them and attract each other with a force and are in continuous random motion. Classification of matter Classification of matter Physical Classification Chemical classification Solids Liquids Gases Plasma Bose Einstein condensation Pure substances Elements Compounds Metals Non-metals Metalloids Noble gases Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous
2 Physical Classification of Matter: Matter exists in five states : (1) Solids: Ex: Wood, Stone, Sand, Iron, Ice etc., (2) Liquids: Ex: Water, Milk, Fruit juice....etc., (3) Gases: Ex: Oxygen, Nitrogen, CO2 .... etc., (4) Plasma: Plasma is ionised gas, a gas to which sufficient energy is provided to get free electrons from atoms (or) molecules to allow both the species, ions and electrons to co-exist. Ex: The gases in the sun and stars exist in plasma state. (5) Bose-Einstein Condensate: Bose - Einstein is a condensate super fluid phase formed by atoms, cooled very near to absolute zero temperature. It is opposite to plasma state. Ex: First condensate was produced by using Ru atoms cooling to 170 nano kelvin.   The First man made elements is Technetium (Tc) The metal present in chlorophyll is Magnesium (Mg) The metal present in haemoglobin is Iron (Fe)  S.No. Solids Liquids Gases They have definite shape and definite volume Solids cannot be compressed Solids do not need a vessel to contain them Solids do not need a vessel to contain them Solids have very small intermolecular spaces Solids have very strong intermolecular forces of attraction Liquids flow from higher to lower level Liquids need a vessel to contain them Liquids have small inter- molecular spaces, which is more than the solids Liquids have less intermolecular forces of attraction than the solids Gases can flow in all directions Gases need a vessel to contain them Gases have very large intermolecular spaces Gases have negligible intermolecular forces of attraction. They have no definite shape, but have a definite volume Liquids can be very slightly compressed They have neither definite shape nor definite volume Gases can be easily compressed 1 .2 .3 4 5 6 Differences between solids, liquids and gases at room temperature VII Chemistry