Tiêu đề KEY - R12 NP5.docx ✅

B. An interview with a foreign-born but English-speaking person C. A type of descriptive qualitative study or someone's experiences D. A type of quantitative study Answer: A Rationale: Ethnographic studies involve the collection and analysis of data about cultural groups. In ethnographic research, the researcher frequently spends extended periods of time with the group and becomes a part of their culture. The researcher explores with the group their rituals and customs. Source: Nieswiadomy. R.M. & Bailey, C. (2018). Foundations of Nursing Research. 7th edition p. 160 11. Nurse Rico is aware that the major advantage of observation over interview is that _____________. A. Observation may be recorded and scrutinized later B. Observations enable the recording of actual behaviors, rather than subjects' interpretations C. Observation is scientific, unlike interviews which necessary involve personal interactions D. Observations are unbiased and do not elicit reactions in human subjects. Answer: B Rationale: The research question or study hypothesis should determine the behaviors that will be observed. Psychomotor skills can be evaluated, such as the ability of clients with diabetes to perform insulin injections. Personal habits, such as smoking and eating behaviors, might be of interest. Nonverbal communication patterns, such as body posture or facial expressions, are frequently observed. Source: Nieswiadomy. R.M. & Bailey, C. (2018). Foundations of Nursing Research. 7th edition p. 70 12. Participant observation may be defined as: A. The observation of participants in the study B. The observation of the researcher’s input to a study C. Participation in a group while studying it D. The study of observational and clinical techniques Answer: C Rationale: In participant observation, the observer becomes involved in interactions with the participants. This interaction may be overt or covert. The participant observer (overt) becomes involved with participants openly and with the full awareness of those people who will be observed. In contrast, as a participant observer (covert), the observer interacts with the participants and observes their behavior without their knowledge. A participant observer participates in the functioning of the group under study and strives to observe and record information within the contexts and experiences that are relevant to participants. Source: Nieswiadomy. R.M. & Bailey, C. (2018). Foundations of Nursing Research. 7th edition p. 215 13. One of the major problems associated with the use of participant observation as a research strategy is that: A. It is more expensive than experimental approaches to implement. B. It does not allow "in-depth" study of any phenomena C. The results cannot be replicated D. May cause unrest among samples Answer: D Rationale: Participant observation faces potential problems. Observers may lose objectivity in sampling, viewing, and recording observations. Once they begin to participate in a group’s activities, the possibility of emotional involvement becomes a concern. Researchers in their member role may fail to attend to key aspects of the situation or may develop a myopic view on issues of importance to the group. Observers must overcome two major hurdles in assuming a satisfactory role vis-à-vis participants. ● First, to gain entrée into the social group under study. ● Second, to establish rapport and trust within that group. Without gaining entrée, the study cannot proceed; but without the trust of the group, the researcher will be restricted to “front stage” knowledge—information distorted by the group’s protective facades. Source: Polit, D. & Beck, C.T. (2018). Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. 9th edition p. 300