Tiêu đề CH 1. Structure of Atom (Chem +1).pdf ✅

 Theory ................................................................................................................................... 5  Solved Examples .................................................................................................................. 25  Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions ............................................................................. 49  Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE Mains Questions ............................................................... 57  Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions ..................................................................... 61  Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ........................................................ 72  Answer Key .......................................................................................................................... 79 Table of Contents STRUCTURE OF ATOM
2 STRUCTURE OF ATOM S.No. Common Name Chemical Name Formulae 1. Alum Hydrated double sulphate of K2 SO4 .Al2 (SO4 ) 3 .24 H2 O potassium and aluminium 2. Alumina Aluminium oxide Al2 O3 3. Ammonia water Ammonium hydroxide NH4 OH 4. Angelsite Lead sulphate PbSO4 5. Aqua fortis Concentrated nitric acid HNO3 6. Aqua regia ..................................... 3HCl(Conc) + HNO3 (Conc) 7. Azote gas Nitrogen N2 8. Azurite blue Basic copper carbonate 2CuCO3 .Cu(OH)2 9. Baking Soda Sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3 10. Baryta Barium Hydroxide Ba(OH)2 11. Basic lead acetate ...................................... Pb(OH)2 Pb(CH3 COO)2 12. Bauxite Dihydrate Aluminium oxide Al2 O3 .2H2 O 13. Blue Vitriol Pentahydrate of cupric sulphate CuSO4 .5H2 O 14. Bleaching powder Calcium oxychloride or calcium CaOCl2 or Ca(OCl)Cl (hypochlorite) chloride 15. Borax Sodium tetraborate Na2 B4 O7 .10H2 O 16. Brimstone Sulphur S 17. Brine or common salt Sodium Chloride NaCl or rock salt 18. Cerusite Lead carbonate PbCO3 19. Chalk or limestone Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 20. Chile saltpetre of Caliche Sodium nitrate NaNO3 21. Cuprite or ruby copper Cuprous oxide Cu2 O 22. Copper glance Copper sulphide Cu2 S 23. Carnalite Potassium magnesium chloride KCl.MgCl2 .6H2 O 24. Calomel Mercurous chloride Hg2 Cl2 25. Cane sugar or Beet sugar Sucrose C12H22O11 26. Calgon Sodium hexa-metaphosphate Na2 [Na4 (PO3 ) 6 ] 27. Caustic soda Sodium hydroxide NaOH 28. Caustic potash Potassium hydroxide KOH 29. Calamine Zinc carbonate ZnCO3 30. Corundum Aluminium oxide Al2 O3 31. Dead burnt gypsum Anhydrous calcium sulphate CaSO4 32. Diaspore Monohydrate aluminium oxide Al2 O3 .H2 O 33. Dry ice Solid carbon dioxide CO2 (solid) 34. Epsom salt Heptahydrate of magnesium sulphate MgSO4 .7H2 O 35. Fluorspar Calcium fluoride CaF2 36. Galena Lead sulphide PbS 37. Glauber’s salt Hydrated sodium sulphate Na2 SO4 .10H2 O 38. Green Vitriol Ferrous sulphate FeSO4 .7H2 O 39. Gypsum Calcium sulphate dihydrate CaSO4 .2H2 O 40. Hydrolith Calcium hydride CaH2 41. Hypo Sodium thiosulphate Na2 S2 O3 .5H2 O 42. Iron pyrites Iron disulphide FeS2 43. Laughing gas Dinitrogen oxide N2 O 44. Limonite Hydrated ferric oxide Fe2 O3 .3H2 O 45. Litharge Lead monoxide PbO 46. Lime Calcium oxide CaO IMPORTANT INFORMATION
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 3 47. Lime water or slaked lime Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 48. Lime stone or chalk or marble Calcium carbonate CaCO3 49. Lunar caustic Silver nitrate AgNO3 50. Magnetite Ferrosoferric oxide Fe3 O4 51. Milk of lime Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 52. Milk of magnesia Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 53. Marsh gas Methane CH4 54. Malachite (green) Basic copper carbonate CuCO3 .Cu(OH)2 55. Magnesia Magnesium oxide MgO 56. Magnesite Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 57. Mohr’s salt Ferrous ammonium sulphate (NH4 ) 2 SO4 FeSO4 .6H2 O hexahydrate 58. Muriatic acid Hydrochloric acid HCl 59. Nessler’s reagent Potassium tetra-idomercurate K2 [Hg I4 ] 60. Nitre Potassium nitrate KNO3 61. Nitre cake Sodium hydrogen sulphate NaHSO4 62. Nitrolim Calcium cyanamide plus carbon CaCN2 + C 63. Nitrate of lime (Nitrolime) Basic calcium nitrate Ca(NO3 ) 2 .CaO 64. Oil of Vitriol Concentrated Sulphuric acid H2 SO4 65. Oleum Pyrosulphuric acid H2 S2 O7 66. Pearl ash Potassium carbonate K2 CO3 67. Philosopher’s wool Zinc oxide ZnO 68. Phosgene Carbonyl chloride COCl2 69. Potash Potassium carbonate K2 CO3 70. Potash alum Potassium aluminium sulphate K2 SO4 .Al2 (SO4 ) 3 .24H2 O 71. Plaster of Paris Hemihydrate of calcium sulphate 4 2 1 CaSO . H O 2 72. Pyrogallol Benzene-1, 2, 3-triol C6 H3 (OH)3 73. Pyrolusite Manganese dioxide MnO2 74. Quartz or silica Silicon dioxide SiO2 75. Quick lime Calcium oxide CaO 76. Quick silver Mercury Hg 77. Red lead Triplumbic tetroxide Pb3 O4 78. Rock salt Sodium chloride NaCl 79. Rough Ferric oxide Fe2 O3 80. Sal ammoniac Solid ammonium chloride NH4 Cl 81. Sal volatile Solid ammonium carbonate (NH4 ) 2 CO3 82. Salt cake Anhydrous sodium sulphate Na2 SO4 83. Salt petre Potassium nitrate KNO3 84. Siderite Ferrous carbonate FeCO3 85. Silica Silicon dioxide SiO2 86. Silica gel Hydrated silica SiO2 , xH2 O 87. Slaked lime Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 88. Soda ash Anhydrous sodium carbonate Na2 CO3 89. Water glass Sodium dioxide containing Na2 SiO3 .SiO2 excess of silica 90. Super phosphate of lime Mixture of calcium dihydrogen Ca(H2 PO4 ) 2 .H2 O + 2CaSO4 .2H2 O phosphate and calcium sulphate 91. Verdigris Basic copper acetate Cu(CH3 COO)2 92. White lead Basic lead carbonate 2PbCO3 .Pb(OH)2 93. White Vitriol Heptahydrate of zinc sulphate ZnSO4 .7H2 O 94. Washing soda Hydrated sodium carbonate Na2 CO3 .10H2 O 95. Zincite Zinc oxide ZnO 96. Zinc blende Zinc sulphide ZnS
4 STRUCTURE OF ATOM VALENCY OF SOME COMMON BASIC AND ACIDIC RADICALS Electrovalent positive ions (basic radicals) Monovalent Divalent Trivalent 1. Ammonium NH4 + 1. Argentic [Silver(II)] Ag2+ 1. Aluminium Al3+ 2. Aurous [Gold (I)] Au+ 2. Barium Ba2+ 2. Ferric [Iron (III)] Fe3+ 3. Cuprous [Copper (I)] Cu+ 3. Calcium Ca2+ 3. Chromium Cr3+ 4. Hydrogen H+ 4. Cupric [Copper(II)] Cu2+ 4. Auric [Gold (III)] Au3+ 5. Mercurous [Mercury (I)] Hg+ 5. Ferrous [Iron (II)] Fe2+ 5. Bismuth Bi3+ 6. Potassium K+ 6. Magnesium Mg2+ 6. Arsenic As3+ 7. Sodium Na+ 7. Mercuric [Mercury (II)] Hg2+ 8. Argentous [Silver (I)] Ag+ 8. Plumbous [Lead (II)] Pb2+ Tetravalent 9. Lithium Li+ 9. Stannous [Tin (II)] Sn2+ 1. Plumbic [Lead (IV)] Pb4+ 10. Zinc Zn2+ 2. Stannic [Tin (IV)] Sn4+ 11. Platinous [Platinum (II)] Pt2+ 3. Platinic [Platinium (IV)] Pt4+ 12. Nickel Ni2+ ELECTROVALENT NEGATIVE IONS (ACIDIC RADICALS) Monovalent Divalent Trivalent 1. Acetate CH3 COO– 1. Carbonate CO3 2– 1. Arsenate AsO4 3– 2. Bicarbonate or HCO3 – 2. Dichromate Cr2 O7 2– 2. Nitride N3– Hydrogen carbonate 3. Bisulphide or HS– 3. Oxide O2– 3. Arsenite AsO3 3– Hydrogen sulphide 4. Bisulphate or HSO4 – 4. Peroxide O2 2– 4. Phosphide P3– Hydrogen sulphate 5. Bisulphite or HSO3 – 5. Sulphate SO4 2– 5. Phosphite PO3 3– Hydrogen sulphite 6. Bromide Br– 6. Sulphite SO3 2– 6. Phosphate PO4 3– 7. Chloride Cl– 7. Sulphide S2– 7. Borate BO3 3– 8. Permanganate MnO4 – 8. Silicate SiO3 2– 8. Aluminate AlO3 3– 9. Fluoride F– 9. Thiosulphate S2 O3 2– Tetravalent 10. Hydride H– 10. Zincate ZnO2 2– 1. Carbide C4– 11. Hydroxide OH– 11. Plumbite PbO2 2– 2. Ferrocyanide Fe(CN)6 4– 12. Iodide I – 12. Stannate SnO3 2– 13. Cyanide CN– 13. Manganate MnO4 2– 14. Nitrate NO3 – 14. Chromate CrO4 2– 15. Nitrite NO2 – 15. Oxalate (COO)2 2– 16. Chlorite ClO2 – 17. Hypochlorite ClO– 18. Chlorate ClO3 – 19. Perchlorate ClO4 – 20. Meta aluminate AlO2 –